الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Egypt is currently facing various water management challenges as part of the arid and semi-arid region. The importance of Nonconventional water sources around the world is becoming increasingly important as pressure on limited freshwater supplies increases. The agricultural sector is the largest consumer of water supply, and the use of treated wastewater (also called recycled or reclaimed water) will provide multiple benefits to include an affordable solution to water shortages and a measure to combat economic pollution. Current studies on wastewater have shown that with adequate wastewater treatment, wastewater can represent the most promising non-conventional source, directly or indirectly, for agricultural irrigation.Sanitation services in Egypt are less developed than water supply services. Egypt had 372 municipal wastewater treatment plants in 2013, (MWRI, 2014) treating an average of 10million cubic meters per day. The wastewater and sanitation sector in Egypt are suffering from some problems as lack of public awareness, reliance on manual systems, lack of coordination between different water and wastewater authorities, over staffed unskilled labors, inadequate operation and maintenance plans, lack of accurate and reliable data, incomprehensive master Plan, most of the facilities are over loaded, inefficient water & wastewater networks, small capacities of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). As introduction, this report gives an overview on the sanitation and wastewater treatment sector in Egypt through discussing the current situation and facing problems of the wastewater sector. Moreover, it illustrates the current regulations, standards, and laws as well as the organizational and institutional framework deals with the wastewater sector. This report focuses on studying the International Guidelines wastewater reuse in agriculture such as ECP 2015, WHO 2006 and EPA 2012, and clarifies the limits of acceptance for each degree of treatment and classification of plants and crops irrigable can be cultivated with treated wastewater in each code separately. The threats to the environment and social perception of the acceptability of wastewater reuse. The overall objective of this report is to explore a new water resource that helps in the water shortage in Alexandria, Egypt as case study.