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Abstract The present study was carried out duirng 1992 and 1993 seasons at the nursery of Horticultural Research Institute, Giza - Egypt. Uniform and healthy one-year old transplants, of El-Sultani, Gizi and Kadota Fig cultivrs were the plant material of this study, plastic pots of 30 cm. diameter that had been fined with constant weight of nons aline sandy loame soil taken from a depth of 0-30 em, from the surface soil layer of El-Kassasine, Egypt. This area is located about 40 Km. west of Ismailia city. Soil wer chemically and mechanically analyzed before period of equilibration. The pots were filled with about 10 Kg of soil, then the three fig cultivar transplants were planted 111 early February. Irrigation was done at the rate of750 mL/pot at two days intervals till 1st March when the treatments were stared and continued until October in two successive seasons. Thus, we had a three factorial experiments, each one arranged in a complete randomized design to study the following items : 1- The effect of different available soil water levels (100%, 75% ,50% and 250/0)on fig transplants, 2- Effect of some growth retardants (ccc, B9 and PP333 at 250 ppm or 500 ppm) foliar application on fig transplants grown under 25% available soil water at three time i.e., IHMay, 15th June and 1st August.3- Effect of (P, K and Mo) foliar spray on fig transplants grown under 25% available soil water at three time i.e., 1.st May, 15th. June and 1.s1 August. The obtained results could be summarized as follows : Experiment I: The effect of different available soil water levels on fig transplants: a) vegetative growth: 1- With respect to the specific effect of available soil water levels on vegetative growth, the obtained data showed that, growth parameters values including stem length, number of leaves/plant, average leaf area, assimulation area, both fresh and dry weight of various plant organs (leaves, stem, roots and total plant) were greatest when transplants were growing under low water stress (l00% available soil water). These values decreased with increasing the soil moisture tension to reach the minimum when the soil moisture availability were lowered to be 25%.2- Concerning the specific effect of cultivars . on vegetative growth, Sultani fig cultivar showed generally the highest values of vegetative growth i.e., leaf area, both fresh and dry weight of plant organs (leaves, stem, root and total plant) followed in decreasing order Kadota transplants followed by Gizi plants during the two seasons of study. On the other hand, Gizi fig cultivar showed the highest value of number of leaves/plant, assimilation area and leaf fresh and dry weight followed In a decreasing order both Sultani and Kadota fig transplants. 3- A remarkable interaction was shown between available soil water level and cultivars. Meanwhile, Kadota transplants grown under 100% available soil water showed the greatest values of stem length while Gizi transplants was lowered value in this respect. In addition, Gizi transplants had the greatest value of leaves number/plant during the study.Moreover, Sultani fig plants showed the greatest value of leaf area, fresh and dry weight of plant organs (leaves, stem, root and total plant) during the two seasons of study. b) Pllysiological aspects: 1- Regarding the specific effect of physiological aspects. The obtained data showed that, under severe water stress the hard leaf character, leaf succulence and leaf relative turigidity values of fig transplants were increased 2- With respect to the specific effect of cultivars on physiological aspects, the obtained results showed that, Gizi fig transplants had the highest value of leaf relative turigidity and leaf succulence during the study. 3- A remarkable interaction was found between available soil water and cultivars. Data showed that values of hard leaf character, leaf succulence and leaf relative turgidity were increased under severe water stress.c) Chemical constituents: 1- With respect to the specific effect of available soil water levels on chemical constituents, the obtained results showed that the foliar chlorophyll A, Band carotenoids, stem total soluble sugars, free aminoacids, proline acids and leaf nitrogen content increased by decreasing the available soil moisture, while stem total carbohydrates and leaf (P and K ) contents were exhibited opposite trends.2- Concerning the specific effect of cultivars on chemical constituents, the obtained results clear that, both total soluble sugars and total carbohydrates were not significantly. On the other hand, Gizi fig transplant had the greatest value of leaf chlorophyll A, free amino acid and proline followed in a decreasing order Sultani cultivar followed by Kadota transplants, while Kadota and Sultani fig cultivars was the highest value of leaf chlorophyll Band carotenoids content during the two seasons of study, respectively. In addition, Gizi transplants showed the highest value of leaf (N , P and K) content followed in a decreasing order Sultani fig followed by Kadota cultivar during the study 3- A considerable interaction between available soil water and cultivars on chemical constituents, data obtained that, where, the stem soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline acids and leafnitrogen values significantly increased as the available soil water decreased, on the contrary to the stern total carbohydrate leaf chlorophyll (A & B) and carotenoids and leaf (P and K) values which followed an opposite trend in three fig cultivars during the two seasons of study. d) Anatomical structure: By raising the moisture soil stress, thickness of leaf cuticle and epidermal cells and as well as the number of hairs on the lower epiderm increased steadily, while in reverse to the thickness of mesophyll tissue and rnidvein, average area of palisade and spongy cells decreased. from the above mentioned results it could be concluded that fig transplants, adapted itself to stress conditions through increasing the thickness of the cuticle and the epidermal cells and increasing number and length of leaves hairs on both of leaves surface . Experiment II: Effect of ccc, B9 and PP333 foliar spray on fig transplants under 25% available soil water: a} Vegetative growth: 1- Concerning the specific effect of concentration level on vegetative growth - the obtained data showed that, both low and high levels significantly increased vegetative growth including stem length, number of leaves/plant assimilation area, fresh and dry weight of plant organs (leaves, stem, root and total plant) except stem dry weight. In addition, low level was more effective than high level during the two seasons of study. 2- With respect to the specific effect of growth retardants kind on vegetative growth, data revealed that, growth retardants increased significantly growth parameters values as compared with control except stem dry weight, the effect was not significant. In addition, leaf area was reduced by foliar application with any kind of growth retardants used. 3- Concerning the specific effect of cultivars on vegetative growth, the obtained results showed that, Sultani fig transplants had significantly the greatest value of fresh and dry weight of plant organs i.e. stem, root and total plant followed in a decreasing order Kadota followed by Gizi cultivar. 4- A significant interaction between concentration, growth retardants kind and cultivars was noticed. In this respect, data showed that, either ccc or B9 or PP333 foliar application increased significantly their stem length, number of leaves/plant, assimilation area, fresh and dry weight of various plant organs (leaves, stem, roots and total plant). On the contrary, leaf area was decreased significantly during the study. b) Physiologtcat aspects: I-Regarding the specific effect of concentration level on physiological aspects. The obtained data showed that, treating such fig transplanting with low or high concentration of growth retardants increased significantly hard leaf character, succulence grade and leaf relative turgidity during the two seasons of study. 2- With respect to the specifid effect of growth retardant kind, the obtained results showed that growth retardants (ccc, B9 and PP333) increased significantly hard leaf character, succulence grade and leaf relative turgidity. In addition ccc more effective, followed in a decreasing order B9 followed by PP333 . 3- Regarding the specific effect of cultivars on physiological aspects, the obtained results showed that Gizi fig transplants had significantly the greatest value of hard leaf character, leaf succulence grade and leaf relative turigidity, followed in a decreasing order Sultani followed by Kadota. 4- A remarkable interaction was found between, concentration, growth retardant kind and cultivar. However, fig transplants treating with growth retardants (ccc, B9 and PP333 ) at 250 or 500 ppm raised the values of, hard leaf character, leaf succulence grade and leaf relative turigidity during 1992 and 1993 seasons.c) Chemical constituents: 1- With respect to the specific effect of concentration level on chemical constituents. The obtained data showed that, treating such fig transplanting with low or high concentration of growth retardants increased significantly foliar pigments chlorophyll (A, B and carotenoids) stem total carbohydrates, free amino acids, leaf (N, P and K) content, while leaf prolin content and stem carbohydrates content were reduced as compared with control during 1992 and 1993 seasons. 2- Concerning the specificf effect of growth retardants kind on chemical constituents, the obtained results showed that increased ccc, B9 and PP333 the values of foliar chlorophyll ( A & B), carotenoids stem total carbohydrate, leaf (P and K) content, while soluble sugars, free amino acid, proline and leaf (N) contents were reduced during the study. 3- Regarding the specific effect of cultivars on chemical constituents, the obtained results clear that, Gizi fig transplants had significantly the greatest value leaf chlorophyll A and carotenoids of soluble sugars, free amino acid, prolin content, leaf (N, P and K) contents followed in a decreasing order Sultani followed by Kadota cultivar. On the other contrary, stem carbohydrate content was not effected during 1992 and 1993 seasons. 4- A considerable interaction between concentration and growth retardant kind as well as cultivars on chemical constituents, data obtained that, where, the three fig cultivar sprayed with ccc at 250 ppm increased stem carbohydrate content, Free amino acid, Proline content, leaf chlorophyll (A, Band carotenoids) content and leaf (N, P and K) contents. While the soluble sugars was not affected during the two seasons of study. from the above mentioned results, it could be concluded that, lowering soil moisture level to be 25%) available soil water had an adverse effect on the fig transplants growth. Moreover, one may recommended that the 50% available soil water level to be promissmg for normal growth. Other alternative is to maintain the transplants at the 25% available soil water level and spray them with ccc at the concentration of 500 ppm, such treatment would seems to enable the transplants to stand the conditions of high soil moisture stress.Experiment III. Effect of (P, K and Mo) foliar spray on fig transplants under 250/0 available water : a) Vegetative growth: 1- Spraying the fig transplants which survived under high water stress (250/0 A.W.) with (P or K) at either 250 ppm or 500 ppm or Mo at 25 ppm or 50 ppm were significantly increased their stem length, the number of leaves/plant, leaf area, assimulation area, fresh and dry weight of various plant organs (leaves, stem and roots) as well as total plant. In addition high concentration more effective as compared with the two concentration or control plants. 2- Concerning the specific effect of mineral nutrient kind on vegetative growth data revealed that mineral nutrient increased growth parameters values as compared with control. Moreover, potassium foliar application produced the highest value for growth parameters followed in a decreasing order by phosphorusapplication followed by (Mo) foliar spray regardless concentration and cultivars, 3- With respect to the specific effect of cultivars on vegetative growth, the obtained data showed that Sultani fig transplant had significantly the greatest value of vegetativ growth i.e. stem length, leaf area ., fresh and dry weight of stem roots and total plant followed in a decreasing order Kadota cultivars followed by Gizi fig transplant during 1992 and 1993 seasons.4- A considerable interaction between concentration and kind mineral nutrient as well as cultivars on vegetative growth., where, Sultani fig transplants sprayed with (K) at 500 ppm showed the highest value of stem length, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of various plant organs except leaves fresh and dry weight whereas Gizi transplants sprayed with (K) at 250 ppm showd the highest value of number of leaves/plant and assimulation area. In addition, assimulation leaf area and leaves fresh and dry weight were no definit trend in this respect.b) Physiological aspects: 1- Regarding the specific effect of concentration level on phsiological aspects, the obtained data showed that low concentration level raised the values of hard leaf character and leaf succulence grade while leaf relative turgidity percentage was not affected duirng the both seasons of study increased with high level of concentration.2- Concerning the specific effect of mineral nutrient kind on physiological aspects, treating such fig transplants with potassium foliar application hard leaf character and leaf relative turgidity followed in a decreasing order phosphorus application followed by (Mo) foliar spray during the study. 3- With respect to the specific effect of cultivars on physiological aspects, the obtained results showed that Sultani fig transplants was not affected hard leaf character, leaf succulence grade and leaf relative turigidity was not affected. 4- A significant interaction was found between concentration level, kind of mineral nutrient and cultivars was detacted where, Gizi fig transplants sprayed with phosphorous at 500 ppm showed the greatest value of the three cultivars sprayed with (K) foliar application at 500 ppm caused the highest value of hard leaf character, leaf succulence grade and leaf relative turgidity as compared with other treatments during the study. c) Chemical constituents: 1- With respect to the specific effect of concentration level on chemical constituents, the obtained data showed that, soluble sugars, free amino acid and prolein were significantly decrease as compared with control. In addition, stem total carbohydrate content, leaf carotenoids content, leaf (N, P and K) contents were significantly increase than control while leaf chlorophyll (A & B) was not affected during 1992 and 1993 seasons. 2- Concerning the specific effect of mineral nutrient kind on chemical constituents data showed that either (P or K) foliar application significantly reduced total soluble sugars, free amino acid, Proline and leaf nitrogen content, while it increase carbohydrate content and leaf (P) as well as leaf (K) contents during the study. In addition, (Mo) foliar application reduced stem total soluble sugars, leaf free amino acids, leaf (N and K) contents. Moreover, stem carbohydrate, proline content and leaf (P) contents was increased during the study. 3- Regarding the specific effect of cultivars on chemical constituents, the obtained results showed that Gizi fig trnsplants had significantly the greatest value leaf chlorophyull A of free amino acid, leaf (N, P and K) contents followed in a decreasing order Sultani followed by Kadota a fig transplants. In addition leaf chlorophyll B, and carotenoids was nof affected during the two seasons of study.4- A significant interaction was found between concentration levels, mineral nutrient kind and cultivars was detacted, where Gizi transplants sprayed with phosphorous at 500 ppm showed the greatest value of leaf carotenoids contents as compared with other treatments while chlorophyll A and B was not affected. Moreover, plants sprayed with (P or K or Mo) at any levels of concentration showed a lowest value of soluble sugars, free amino acids, proline. In addition, it increased leaf (P and K) contents, while stem carbohydrate content and leaf (N) contents no definit trend during the two seasons. |