الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this study, we compared the efficacy of Hand H files, D-Race, XP-Endo Finisher and XP-Endo Finisher R in removing root canal filling and the amount of apically extruded debris during retreatment procedures.
Sixty extracted human single rooted teeth (mandibular premolars) were decoronated, irrigated with NaOCl, shaped with Bio-Race files and finally EDTA 17% followed by saline as a final rinse. Later, teeth were obturated using lateral compaction technique. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups according to the files used for retreatment procedures; group 1: H files, group 2: D-Race files, group 3: D-Race + XP Endo Finisher file and group 4: D-Race + XP Endo Finisher R file.
Retreatment procedures were operated while the samples were placed in vials to obtain the apically extruded debris which was then measured by 10-4 g microbalance.
Each sample was then split into halves vertically and remnants of root canal filling were evaluated under stereomicroscope. And stopwatch was used to calculate operating time for each group.
One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test was used to compare between more than two groups in non-related samples. Two-way ANOVA test were used to test the interactions between different variables. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20 for Windows.