الفهرس 
Anatomy of Biliary System
The common bile ductOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Since laparoscopic cholecystectomy became one of the most common surgical operations performed nowadays, new problems and complications have emerged with its widespread use. Thus it is necessary to identify factors of operative difficulty and arrange them in a classification system that is accurate and easy to use. Several preoperative and intraoperative grading scales have been proposed, with intraoperative ones proving to more reliable and less biased than the others. Nassar difficulty grading scale is one of such grading systems that showed promise. It is also crucial for the surgeon who performs laparoscopic cholecystectomy to have a good knowledge of the anatomy, anatomical variations and important laparoscopic landmarks of the gall bladder and the biliary system. Misidentification of important anatomical structures can lead to a wide range of intraoperative and postoperative complications, including injury to the blood vessels, common bile duct, the surrounding viscera, or bile leakage. The aim of the study is to assess the validity and applicability of Nassar difficulty grading scale, correlation between operative findings according to it and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy regarding operative time, conversion to open approach, hospital stay, intraoperative and early postoperative complications.