الفهرس 
Chronic Kidney Disease in ChildrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The number of children that are affected with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is significantly increasing. According to the 2019 annual report by the United States Renal Data Systems (USRDS), the prevalence of ESRD in children was reported to be about 98.7 per million population.(1) Hemodialysis (HD) was reported to be the most commonly used modality for renal replacement therapy in children; 51.3% for HD, 27.8% for peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 20.8% for renal transplantation. (2)(3) Creation and maintenance of adequate vascular access is a cornerstone for successful HD. The ideal vascular access should provide an adequate flow rate in combination with durability and a low rate of complications. Currently, there are three possible types of vascular access for HD. This includes central venous catheter (CVC), arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and arteriovenous graft (AVG). (4)(5) Central venous catheter serves as a bridging procedure until AVFs maturation and in small children for whom the vessel caliber is too small for AVF creation allowing immediate use and needle free dialysis. While AVF is characterized by lower infection rates, less hospitalization, prolonged patency, requiring a smaller number of interventions and better dialysis efficiency.