الفهرس 
ماهية الثباتيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Proving the claimed right is the basis of every lawsuit; the plaintiff makes every effort to prove the validity of his claim and his right to the claim he claims, and the defendant makes every effort to prove the invalidity of the plaintiff’s claim to reach the rejection of the lawsuit, and the plaintiff and the defendant are the basis of every pending lawsuit, so the judge must have authority to weigh the evidence provided by the plaintiff and the defendant, and researchers must for his authority in these statements in terms of their acceptance and weight, and that without This requires that this study be detailed for each of the evidentiary evidence presented before the judiciary, whether it is testimony, experience, written evidence, judicial presumption, legal presumption or oath, and address the judicial cases that have been submitted to the judiciary in each of the cases; to enrich the study as well as compare it with comparative legislation and comparative judiciary, whether in Egypt or France, what distinguishes this study is that it will address evidence whether presented before regular courts or special courts, especially the Tax Court of First Instance and the customs Court of First Instance, and what the judiciary problems in the authority of the judge with regard to evidence, especially Experience and testimony, as they are among the main evidence in cases before special courts, and cases will be detailed and problems faced by the judiciary and solutions to them will be developed, so that this study will be a reference to guide .