الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aims to measure the effect of public expenditure on promoting inclusive growth in emerging economies. The study first discusses the evolution of economic growth theories, leading to the concept of inclusive growth. It then presents the main concepts of inclusive growth as defined by international organizations and in the literature. The study also differentiates inclusive growth from similar concepts and terminologies.
To measure the effect of government spending on inclusive growth, the study uses the principal component analysis (PCA) approach to create a measure of inclusive growth. The study then uses panel data for nine emerging economies in the period from 1990 to 2020 to estimate the impact of government expenditure on inclusive growth using generalized method of moment (GMM) approach.
The findings: The study finds that the main components affecting inclusive growth are school enrollment rate, life expectancy rate, per capita GDP, Gini coefficient, age dependency ratio, employment-to-population ratio, access to electricity, adjusted net savings, and carbon dioxide emissions.
The study also finds that public spending on education, health, and public goods has a positive impact on promoting inclusive growth. However, high unemployment rates have a negative impact on inclusive growth in emerging economies.
Conclusion: The study concludes that public expenditure can play a significant role in promoting inclusive growth in emerging economies. However, the effectiveness of public spending depends on the specific components of inclusive growth and the overall macroeconomic environment.