الفهرس 
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Abstract
Large bone defects often occur after comminuted fracture, bone infection, osteonecrosis, or tumor resection. In order to reconstruct such bone defects, multiple methods have been employed including autogenous bone grafting and artificial bone grafting.
Different strategies have been defined to promote bone healing, which rely on cells that can participate in bone regeneration process.
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a considerable candidate for cell therapy due to being easily obtained from a bone marrow aspiration and expanded to large number before transplantation, without ethical problems.
AIM OF THE WORK
This study aimed to assess the role of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the improvement of femoral bone defect healing in a rat model.
Study groups
Rats were divided into 3 groups each containing 9 rats:
group I: (Control group): Rats without intervention.
group II: (Sham group ): Rats with 2mm bone defect and PBS(phosphate buffered saline) locally injected at site of the defect at the time of surgery.