الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of the dietary energy modifications using bile acids feed additive (Runeon®) and a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis probiotic supplementation via the drinking water (AVI-GROW®) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical indices, intestinal lipase enzyme concentration, chicken’s meat quality, gut microbiome, intestinal histomorphology, and litter quality of broiler chickens.
Experiment 1 was assigned using 1200 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (as hatch) were distributed randomly into three groups, each with five replicates (80 chicks/replicate). The first group was a control (T1) and was fed a basal diet without bile acid supplementation. In the second group (T2), birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with bile acids (Runeon®) (on top application) at the rate of 200 g/ton of feed. In the third group (T3), birds were fed a basal diet reduced in energy requirements by 30 kcal/kg and reformulated with 200 g/ton of bile acids (Runeon®). Birds’ diets fortified with bile acids in (T2) or (T3) significantly (P≤0.05) improved body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) as compared to the control. The dressing percent, breast, thigh, and drumstick yields were improved in T2 and T3 than in control. Supplementation of bile acids significantly (P≤0.05) reduced abdominal fat percentage, as well as blood cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, while total protein concentration was significantly (P≤0.05) increased. Additionally, intestinal lipase levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased in groups fortified with bile acids (T2 and T3). Besides, chicken meat moisture and fat percentages were significantly (P≤0.05) decreased in T3 compared to T1 and T2.
Experiment 2 was carried out using 480 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks (as hatch) were randomly allocated into two groups, each with three replicates (80 chicks/replicate). The control group (T1) and the supplemented group (T2) were fed a basal diet, however, T2 was supplemented with (AVI-GROW®) via the drinking water at the rate of 1mL/L drinking water every 12 hours for 2 days after every vaccination and change of diet. Supplementation of (AVI-GROW®) via the drinking water in T2 significantly (P≤0.05) improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR), as well as villus crypt ratio of the small intestine as compared to the control. The dressing percent, breast, thigh and drumstick yields were improved in T2 than in control. Additionally, blood cholesterol, triacylglycerol, ALT, and AST concentrations were reduced, while total protein concentration was significantly (P≤0.05) increased in T2 as compared to control. Moreover, cecal clostridial counts were significantly (P<0.05) lower in T2 as compared to control. Supplementation of (AVI-GROW®) in (T2) reduced nitrogen content in birds’ excreta and litter.
إستجابة دجاج التسمين للتعديلات الغذائية بإستخدام الأحماض الصفراوية كإضافات علفية و محفزات النمو السائلة من البكتريا العصوية