الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 135 |  |  |
| | | from | 135 | | |
Abstract
The present work was carried out at the Plant Protection and Bimolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-city), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt and also at Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
During the harvest season 2016 - 2017 the fungal diseases in onion in Lower Egypt was surveyed from four different governorates; Alexandria, El Behairah, Kafr El Sheikh and El Garbiyah Governorates. The results revealed that a presence of three different fungal species were existed, and then identified morphologically under the microscope as; Alternaria porri, Aspergillus niger and Botrytis allii. The three fungal species included about thirty-three different fungal isolates. As the geographical distribution of the thirty-three isolates were: from Alexandria governorate (Abees area), from El Behairah governorate as these samples were from Etay Elbaroud, El Noubaria, Kafr Eldawar and Damanhour regions, from Kafr El Sheikh governorate from Foah and Elhamoul regions and finally from El Garbiyah Governorate as they were collected from Tanta and Kafr Elzayat regions.
The major aim of this work is to employ some defense genes against some fungal disease in two Onion (Allium cepa) cultivars; Tantawy red and Giza white through manipulation of five different PR genes: PR 1, PR 2, PR 3, PR 4 and PR 5 which can be a defense line in the onion plant against three fungal diseases: purple blotch, black mold and neck rot as they are wide spread in Lower Egypt.