الفهرس 
Acknowledgment
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Abstract
All patients receiving sedation to facilitate endoscopic procedures should have monitoring of cardiorespiratory parameters before, during, and after administration of sedation/analgesia. Given a recent change in the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) guidelines, recommending CO2 monitoring for patients undergoing both moderate and deep sedation, familiarity with capnography may become necessary.
One hundred and twenty (120) patients were enrolled in this study. They were equally divided into three groups, group I: 40 patients received moderate sedation and O2 supply at the rate of 2 liters per minute and then capnographic and other measures were recorded throughout the procedure. group II: 40 patients received moderate sedation and O2 supply at the rate of 4 liters per minute and then capnographic and other measures were recorded throughout the procedure. group III: 40 patients received moderate sedation and O2 supply at the rate of 6 liters per minute and then capnographic and other measures were recorded throughout the procedure.
The EtCO2 differences between three studied groups were statistically significant at pre-operative, induction, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min but with no any clinical significance or adverse outcome.
The HR, SBP, DBP, MBP, RR and SpO2 differences between groups were statistically insignificant throughout the procedure. No serious complications were recorded and patients’ satisfaction results were comparable between the three study groups.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that different O2 flow rates did not affect non-invasive EtCO2 measurement during moderate sedation in patients undergoing ERCP without any serious adverse effects. Non-invasive EtCO2 monitoring can provide an early warning sign of hypoventilation during moderate sedation.