الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Attractive public open spaces can serve as key design elements for enhancing the quality of life in urban areas and to diminish the negative effects of urbanization. In order to fulfil this, open spaces must meet the expectation of potential users and offer the right environmental, economic, and social conditions. Outdoor human comfort is a crucial parameter in the evaluation of the city’s livability. Also, promoting people’s health and well-being, leading to the enhancement of quality of life. Egyptian cities are impacted by urban heat island due to the dense urban fabric causing an obvious deterioration in the quality of their public spaces. Open public spaces provide various benefits to citizens; as they may intensify the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the urban environment. Unfortunately, some cities’ open public spaces are unattractive to human activity due to the challenges they face. The Improvement of microclimatic conditions in urban spaces can enable people to spend more time outdoors, with the possibility to influence the social cohesion of a space and an increase in economic activity. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide a better understanding of the composite relationship between microclimate and human behaviour. The study focuses on the open public spaces in Alexandria city’s hot arid climate, where it is intended to study the effects of socio-economic and cultural diversity on thermal comfort, behaviour, and use of space. Moreover, field surveys are carried out during the summer of 2019 (19th and 21st of August). All of the surveys include observations of human activities and clothing, along with microclimatic monitoring. The analysis consists of; microclimatic influence on thermal sensation, people attendance; and investigation of socio-economic and socio-cultural characteristics for each space. The process is carried out in order to propose a set of recommendations, mitigation strategies, and design considerations, suitable to deal with public spaces. This set is driven by studying the prospects of successfully designed public spaces, then mapping the variations in the environmental conditions using ENVI-met as the main tool, with the aid of RayMan software in three selected public spaces as a case study in Alexandria city.