الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes can have severe complications such as diabetic nephropathy. This is considered one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Much research effort is being put into how to diagnose diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.
A large number of biomarker studies were published on markers in plasma or urine, either to distinguish patients with or without diabetic nephropathy or to expect the renal outcome in those patients with diabetic nephropathy.
A case-control study was conducted in the present. There were 80 patients with T2DM in our study who were diagnosed according to the 2003 American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The consecutive patients were recruited from the outpatient and inpatient clinic of the Internal Medicine Department of Beni-Suef University. We further classified all subjects into 2 groups: case group with 40 patients with DN and control group with 40 DM patients without DN, according to their 24-hour urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).
Detection of TCF7L2 rs 7903146 genotype by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using Taqman SNP genotyping assays. Reactions were carried out according to the Manufacture’s protocol.
The present study showed that there was a significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and the risk of developing DN in Egyptian patients.