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العنوان
RESPONSE OF SOME MAIZE VARIETIES TO ORGANIC FERTILIZER AND MINERAL NANO FERTILIZER UNDER SALINE CONDITIONS AT SIWA OASIS /
المؤلف
HASSAN,MOHAMED HASSAN KHALIL.
هيئة الاعداد
باحث / MOHAMED HASSAN KHALIL HASSAN
مشرف / Ayman Farid Abou Hadid
مشرف / Ramadan Thabet Abdrabou
مشرف / Mohsen Shehata Abd El-Maaboud
تاريخ النشر
2019
عدد الصفحات
107p.:
اللغة
الإنجليزية
الدرجة
الدكتوراه
التخصص
الهندسة الزراعية وعلوم المحاصيل
تاريخ الإجازة
1/1/2019
مكان الإجازة
جامعة عين شمس - كلية الزراعة - الزراعة الصحراوية والمناطق المتأثرة بالملوحة
الفهرس
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Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Station of Desert Research Center at Tegzerty, Siwa Oasis, Matroh Governorate during the two successive seasons, 2015 and 2016. These experiments were performed to study the effect of organic, mineral and nano nitrogen fertilizers and two maize hybrid varieties on growth and grain yield and its components. Each experiment was laid out in a splilt-split plot design with three replicates. Organic fertilizer were arranged in the main plots, maize varieties were allocated in the sub plots, while mineral nano N fertilizer treatments were assigned in the sub-sub plots. Each experimental unit area was 10.5m2 (3m x 3.5m) and contained four furrows (3.5 m in length and 60 cm apart).
Each experiment included twenty treatments, which were the combination between two organic fertilizer levels(15 & 30 m3/fed.), two maize hybrid varieties(Single hybrid 131, Triple hybrid 329), and five treatments of the combination between mineral and nano fertilizers (100% mineral N from the recommended dose (120 kg N/fed., as ammonium sulphate),75% mineral + 25% nano N fertilizers,50% mineral + 50% nano N fertilizers, 25% mineral + 75% nano N fertilizers and100% nano N from the recommended rate).
Data recorded:
A- Growth characters:Plant hight (cm),Leaf area index(LAI ), Specific leaf weight (SLW) and Total chlorophyll after 70 days from sowing.
B- Yield and yield components: Plant height (cm),Number of rows/ ear, Ear length (cm), Ear diameter (cm), Number of grains/row, 100-grain weight (g), ear weight (ton/fed), Grains weight (ton/fed), Straw yield (ton/fed), Biological yield (ton/ fed), Shelling percentage, harvest index (%) and protein yield. C. Chemical composition: Protein (%), Total carbohydrate (%) and protein yield (kg/fed)
I. Growth characters:
I.1. Effect of organic manure:
Leaf area index, specific leaf weight and chlorophyll content, in the 1st season, and specific leaf weight, in the 2nd one, did not significantly affected by organic manure levels. However, plant height, in two seasons, leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the 2nd one were increased significantly with the highest organic manure level.
I.2. Maize cultivars differences:
Plant height, leaf area index and specific leaf weight, in two seasons, and total chlorophyll content, in the 1st one, of two maize cultivars did not differ significantly.
However, total chlorophyll content was significantly increased in triple hybrid of maize cultivar as compared with the other maize cultivar of single hybrid
I.3. Effect of mineral and nano nitrogen fertilizers:
The highest value of plant height was obtained from 100% mineral nitrogen, in the 1st season, and 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers in the 2nd one. However, the lowest value of plant height was obtained from 25% mineral plus 75% nano nitrogen fertilizers, in the 1st season, and 50% mineral plus 50% nano nitrogen fertilizers in the 2nd one. Leaf area index and total chlorophyll content were reduced linearly with decreasing mineral and/or increasing nano nitrogen percentages of the combination treatments in both seasons.
I.4. Effect of the interaction between organic and maize cultivars:
Results indicated that 100% organic manure addition to any maize cultivars significantly increased plant height, leaf area index in two seasons, specific leaf weight, in the 1st season and total chlorophyll content in the 2nd one. On the other hand, at 50% organic manure, trible hybride maize cultivar gave the lowest values of plant height, leaf area index and specific leaf weight in the 1st season.
I.5. Effect of the interaction between organic and mineral nano nitrogen fertilizers:
The interaction between organic manure percentages from the recomended dose and mineral, nano nitrogen fertilizers gave a significant effect on all growth traits of maize plants at 70 days from sowing date in two seasons except specific leaf weight in the 1st season. Addition 100% organic manure with 100% mineral N or 75% mineral plus 25% nano N fertilizers produced a significant increase in plant height, leaf area index and chlorophyll content in both seasons as well as specific leaf weight in the 2nd season.
I.6. Effect of the interaction between maize cultivars and mineral nano nitrogen fertilizers:
Fertilized Triple maize hybrid cultivar by 100% mineral N or 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers gave the highest values of plant height in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively as compared with the other Single maize hybrid cultivar. Whereas, fertilized single maize hybrid cultivar by 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers produced the highest value of leaf area index in the 1st season.
I.7. Effect of the interaction between organic manure, maize cultivars and mineral, nano nitrogen fertilizers:
Fertilized triple maize hybrid cultivar by 100% organic manure with 100% mineral nitrogen or 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers produced the higher values of plant height and total chlorophyll content in two seasons. Fertilized single maize hybrid cultivar by 50%, in the 1st season, and 100% organic manure, in the 2nd one, with 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers gave the highest value of leaf area index.
II. Yield, yield components and grain chemical contents:
II.1. Effect of organic manure:
The effect of organic manure levels had a significant effect on ear length, harvest index and grain protein content in the 2nd season only. Ear length, harvest index and grain protein content were increased significantly with increasing organic levels.
II.2. Maize cultivars differences:
Maize cultivars had a significant effect on plant height, number of rows/ear and grain protein content, in the 1st season, and number of rows/ear, ear length and diameter, number of grains/row, ear weight and grain protein content, in th 2nd one . Maize trible hybrid cv. had a significant increase in the above mentioned yield and its attributes, except number of rows/ear in the 1st season.
II.3. Effect of mineral nano nitrogen fertilizers:
The higher grain yield/fed. were obtained from 100% mineral and 75% mineral plus 25% nano N fertilizers in two seasons. Whereas, the lowest grain yield/fed. was produced from 75% nano N plus 25% mineral N, in the 1st season, and 100% nano N, in the 2nd one.
II.4. Effect of the interaction between organic and maize cultivars:
In the 1st season, at 100% organic manure, triple maize cv. had a significant increase in plant ht., shilling percentage and grain protein content. Moreover, at the same level of organic manure, single hyprid maize cv. gave the highest value of 100 grain weight and harvest index. In the 2nd season, at 100% organic manure, triple maize cv. produced the highest value of ear length and diameter, number of grains/row, ear weight/fed., grain yield/fed. and grain protein content. However, the same maize cultivar gave the highest value of number of rows/ear at 50% organic manure level.
II.5. Effect of the interaction between organic and mineral nano nitrogen fertilizers:
In the 1st season, at 100% organic level, fertilized maize plants by 100% mineral N produced the maximum values of plant height, ear length and diameter, number of grains/row, 100 grain weight, ear weight/fed., grain yield/fed., straw and biological yields per fed. and grain protein content. On the contrary, fertilized maize plants by 100% nano, at 100% organic gave the heighest value of grain carbohydrate content. In the 2nd season, at 100% organic level, fertilized maize plants with 75% mineral plus 25% nano nitrogen fertilizers gave the highest values of plant height, number of rows/ear, ear length and diameter, number of grains/row and biological yield/fed.
II.6. Effect of the interaction between maize cultivars and mineral nano nitrogen fertilizers:
At the 1st season, fertilized single hybred maize cv. by 100% mineral N fertilizer gave the maximum values of number of rows/ear, ear diameter, 100-grain weight and grain yield/fed. Also, fertilized trible maize hybrid cv. by the same N fertilizer treatment produced the highest values of number of grains/row, straw and biological yields per fed. and grain protein content. However, the highest value of carbohydrate content was obtained from fertilized triple hybred maiz cv. by 100% nano N fertilizer. At the 2nd season, 100% mineral N fertilizer had the highest values of plant height, 100.grain weight, straw yield/fed., shelling (%) and harvest index for single hybrid, and ear wt./fed., grain yield/fed. and grain protein content for triple hybrid maiz cv. On the other hand, 100% nano N fertilizer produced the highest value of carbohydrate content of single hybrid maize cv.
II.7. Effect of the interaction between organic manure, maize cultivars and mineral, nano nitrogen fertilizers: In the 1st season, at 100% organic manure, fertilized triple hybrid maize cv. by 100% mineral N or 75% mineral plus 25% nano N fertilizers produced the highest values of plant ht., ear length, number of grains/row, ear weight/fed., grain, straw and biological yields per fed., harvest index and grain protein content. However, fertilized single hybrid maize cv. by 100% mineral N, at 50% OM, gave the meximum values of harvest index, number of rows/ear and 100 grain weight as well as ear diameter at 100% organic level. On the other hand, fertilized single hybrid maize cv. by 100% nano nitrogen fertilizer at 50% organic level gave the highest value of grain carbohydrate content.
In the 2nd season, at 100% organic manure level, fertilized triple hybrid maize cv. with 100% mineral N produced the highest values of ear diameter, ear weight/fed., grain yield/fed., shelling % and grain protein content. While, fertilized the same maize cv. by 75% mineral plus 25% nano N fertilizers gave the highest values of plant height, ear length, number of grains/row and straw yield/fed.
It could be concluded that application of 30 m3/fed. organic manure with 100% mineral N (120 kg N/fed.) or 75% mineral + 25% nano N fertilizers on maize triple hybrid 329 gave the higher grain yield and yield attributes in the two season.