الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Yield parametersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The present sth five replications, one palm each.udy was carried out during three successive seasons of 2015, 2016 and 2017 on Sewy date palm cultivar grown under different climatic conditions of four different localities, and the localities are:-1El-Kharga Oasis in New Valley governorate. Al-Dakhla Oasis in New Valley governorate.The Experimental Orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.Edfou, Aswan governorate.
Each region was represented by 5 palms which are similar in growth, fruiting and had the same age nearly. Bunches were thinned to 10 bunches per palm by removing excess earliest, latest and smallest one and leaf bunch ratio was maintained at 7:1.
The inflorescences of the date palms under this study were manually pollinated by one source of pollen to avoid residues of Metaxenia. They were pollinated during the first week of March in all seasons of study at Aswan followed by El-Kharga and Al-Dakhla of the third week of March, while in Assiut pollination was carried out on the first week of April.
The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design (CRD) including four treatments (regions) wit
The following parameters were estimated:-Heat units were calculated.Vegetative growth characteristics were measured at the middle of September for the three seasons under study. Vegetative characteristics included palm girth (cm), leaf length (cm), leaflet length (cm), number of leaflets/leaf, thorn zone length (cm), leaflets zone length (cm), number of thorns/leaf, thorn length (cm), thorn zone %, leaflet zone %, leaf base width (cm), leaflet width (cm), leaf area (m2) and leaflet area (cm2).
3- The harvest took place at the peak of full colour stage ultimate fruit retention and fruit weight/bunch (kg) were estimated. Yield parameters included fruit set%, fruit retention%, bunch weight, yield per palm and harvesting date were measured.
4- Fruit characteristics:
Samples of 50 fruits were picked at random from each palm tor determination of some physical and chemical fruit properties.
a- Fruit physical properties included fruit weight, flesh %, fruit shape, fruit size, fruit length, fruit diameter and moisture%.
b- Fruit chemical properties included TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, acidity%, total phenols and total flavonoids.
5- General evaluation was calculated.
The obtained results in the three seasons of study could be summarized as follow:-
1- Heat units:-
Data declared that great variability in heat units in the four studied locations. Aswan recorded the highest heat units (2823.62 units), while Assiut recorded the lowest one (2020.67 units). The other two localities (Al-Dakhla and El-Kharga) having the middle ranks.
2- Vegetative characteristics:
The obtained results declared that Al-Dakhla recorded the highest palm girth (209.27 cm), leaf length (535.51cm), leaflets length zone (371.29cm), leaflet width (4.34cm) and leaflets number (212.62), while Aswan recorded the lowest palm girth (157.60cm), leaf length (441.26cm), leaflets length zone (308.83cm), leaflet width (3.38cm) and leaflets number (190.94). El-Kharga and Assiut had the middle ranks.
No significant differences were recorded for palm girth, leaf length and leaflets length zone between El-Kharga and Assiut in the three studied seasons.
El-Kharga recorded the highest leaf base width (25.51cm), while Assiut recorded the lowest (18.29cm) as an average in the three studied seasons. There were insignificant differences between Aswan and El-Kharga in leaf width base in the three studied seasons.
Assiut recorded the highest thorns zone length (102.01cm), while El-Kharga recorded the lowest (77.88cm). There were no significant differences between Aswan and Al-Dakhla in thorns zone length in the three studied seasons.
Data showed that Aswan recorded the highest thorn zone % (22.08%), while El-Kharga recorded the lowest one (16.87%) as an average in the three studied seasons.
The obtained data declared that Aswan had the longest leaflets (53.96cm), while Al-Dakhla had the shortest one (46.18cm) in the three studied seasons. No significant differences were found between Assiut and Al-Dakhla in leaflet length in the three studied seasons.
Also, the obtained data showed that Al-Dakhla recorded the highest leaflet area (178.77cm2) and leaf area( 3.79m2), while El-Kharga recorded the lowest leaflet area (155.08cm2), and leaf area(2.97m2) as an average in the three studied seasons. No significant differences were found between Aswan and Assiut in leaflet area in the three studied seasons.
3- Yield parameters:
Results revealed that Al-Dakhla recorded the highest fruit set%, fruit retention percentage, bunch weight and yield per palm (83.16%, 75.58%, 12.34Kg and 123.37Kg) while, Assiut recorded lower fruit set%, fruit retention, bunch weight and yield per palm (67.81%, 61.15%, 9.78g and 97.83kg), respectively, compared to other studied localities. No significant differences were recorded for fruit retention between Al-Dakhla and El-Kharga.
Data showed that El-Kharga and Aswan had been harvested earlier at the end of August, while Al-Dakhla, the fruit was harvested about two weeks later than El-Kharga. On the other hand Assiut was the latest to be harvested during the three studied seasons; such findings could be attributed to the variation on climatic conditions between these localities.
4- Fruit characteristics:
a- Fruit physical characteristics:
Results revealed that fruits under Assiut conditions had the heaviest and biggest ones, while fruits grown under El-Kharga conditions gave the lightest and smallest fruit in the three studied seasons. The other two localities (Al-Dakhla and Aswan) were moderate in fruit weight and size.
Also data indicated that there were significant differences in flesh % and moisture content due to those grown under Aswan, El-Kharga, Assiut and Al-Dakhla climatic conditions. Since Aswan recorded the lowest flesh % and moisture content percentage, while Assiut recorded the highest of them.
Fruit weight recorded the highest value in Assiut (14.59g), while the lowest value was in El-Kharga (8.39g) The fruit dimension exhibits a similar trend as fruit weight.
b- Fruit chemical constituents :
Data showed that the highest total soluble solids and sugar contents were recorded on fruits of date palm grown under Aswan conditions. On the other hand, the lowest values were recorded on fruits of date palm grown under Assiut climatic conditions.
No significant differences were recorded due to grow the Sewy date palm under Aswan, El-Kharga and Al-Dakhla climatic conditions. Sugar content exhibit similar trend to the total soluble solids, that is due to the effect of different production localities.
The obtained results indicated that Assiut recorded the highest total phenolic content during the three studied seasons, while El-Kharga recorded the highest flavonoids content. On the other hand, Aswan recorded the lowest value of total phenolic and flavonoid content during the three studied seasons.
5- General evaluation
The evaluation showed that Al-Dakhla recorded the highest units (92.79 units) of the total score, while Assiut recorded the lowest units(81.38 units). The studied localities could be arranged descending based on total score of vegetative, yield and fruit quality as follow: Al-Dakhla (92.07 units), El-Kharga (90.60 units), Aswan (86.74 units) and finally Assiut (77.31 units).
Data declared that Sewy date palm grown under Al-Dakhla conditions recorded the highest vegetative units, while Aswan recorded the lowest units. The obtained vegetative units were (30, 26.27, 25.51 & 23.99 units) for Al-Dakhla, Assiut, El-Kharga and Aswan, respectively.
In general view, data indicated that Sewy date palm that grown under El-Kharga climatic conditions recorded the highest yield parameters unites (28.28 units), while Assiut recorded the lowest units (16.01units). Al-Dakhla and Aswan had the middle ranks.
On the other hand, under Al-Dakhla climatic conditions date fruits recorded the highest fruit quality (37.40units) compared to other studied localities, while Assiut date fruits recorded the lowest fruit quality (35.03units). El-Kharga and Aswan had the middle ranks.ConclusionAs is evident from the foregoing results that the climatic conditions of Al-Dakhla and El-Kharga Oasis are ideal climatic conditions for the cultivation and productions of Sewy date palm, so it can be recommended to expand the cultivation of Sewy date palm under the climatic conditions of Al-Dakhla and El-Kharga Oasis.