الفهرس 
Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis
Effect of age related decline in testosterone levels:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) refers
to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and gonads.
Complex interplay between testosterone, FSH and other
factors is important for normal spermatogenesis.
Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that arises from
disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis at any level .
COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes
obstruction of airflow to the lungs. Symptoms include breathing
difficulty, cough, sputum production and wheezing. It’s caused by
long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most
often from cigarette smoke. People with COPD are at increased risk
of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other
conditions .
Sexual dysfunctions, including erectile dysfunction, were
highly prevalent and had a negative impact on quality of life in men
with COPD.
The aim of this work to study pituitary testicular axis in
patients with COPD and to clarify also its relation.