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المستخلص
Effectiveness of a proposed program in Household Resource Management by the mother of
an Autistic child using information technology
Introduction:
There are specific conditions imposed on the family. It can be assumed that the existence of an
autistic child in a family constitutes a source of pressure on the household resources, if the child’s
condition was maltreated and the household resources were mishandled.
Household resources management is the starting point that facilitates early intervention to care for
the autistic child. (Muhammed El Mulhem, 2003, 44) adds that successful management enables the
housewife to fulfill all responsibilities related to all aspects of family life. It also enables the
housewife to utilize her knowledge, experience, skill and capacities to solve family problems and
situations that she encounters in order to overcome the difficulties experienced by her.
The autistic child is a one who has lost communication with others. They have totally retreated and
engaged themselves with their imaginations, thoughts and stereotypical behavioral patterns; such as,
twisting or rolling objects, jiggling, indifference to parents and others and inability to bear change,
in addition to stammering. They continue to suffer from the disorder manifestations throughout their
lives. But, it is sufficient to know that the normal human brain functions with almost 1330 cycles
per second of energy waves, while the autistic child brain functions with about 250 thousand cycles
per second of energy waves, which indicated why many children with autism are genius. (Strong,
1996; Powers, 1989; Oregon, 1980)
Whereas each age is distinguished for specific characteristics, our current age characterizes with
several characteristics, including technical progress, global openness, cultural convergence,
information flow – and we have urgent needs to utilize information technology, which is one of the
most important features in the 21st century. It is composed of all the computer-based ”things” that
enable us to record, transfer or obtain results from information.
http://www.arabcin.net/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1435
(Muhammed El Kasem, 1999, 22) stressed that the psychological and sociological studies have
proven that there is a more significant improvement in the level of posttests than that of pretests
when using information technology programs. Such programs work on providing information in a
variety of ways and methods, whether they are verbal language (written or audible) or non-verbal
language (music, sound effects, line drawings, still images and animations) through sequential or
non-linear patterns, then collecting them in a compatible and integrated combination quite clearly
on the screen. So, this creates a powerful environment between the mother and the computer. Based
on the above, the study problem could be formulated in the following question:
How effective is the usage of a suggested program in the management of household resources
by an autistic child mother through information technology?
We may find the answer to this question through the following sub-questions:
1- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the
management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) based on the
variables of social and financial level (mother’s level of education – mother’s job status –
children number – monthly income of the family)?
2- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the
management of human household resources (human effort – information) based on the
variables of social and financial level (mother’s level of education – mother’s job status –
children number – monthly income of the family)?
3- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in benefitting
from family and social support based on the variables of social and financial level (father’s
level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job - mother’s job status –
children number – monthly income of the family)?
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4- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the
management of their human household resources (financial income – time) before and after
the application of information technology program?
5- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in the
management of non-human household resources (human effort – information technology)
before and after the application of information technology program?
6- Are there statistically significant differences among autistic children mothers in benefitting
from family and social support before and after the application of information technology
program?
Purpose of the study:
The purpose of this study is to prepare and apply an information technology program for the
management of household resources of an autistic child mother.
Importance of the study:
1- Introducing the autistic children mothers to household resources and how to benefit from
them to the maximum extent through a scientific and applicable way.
2- Providing the mothers with an information technology program to help them managing their
household resources easily and simply.
3- Such type of studies is an addition to the field of home economics in general and house
management in particular in order to help the mothers of children with autistic disorder.
Hypotheses of the Study:
1- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in the
management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) based on the
variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of
education – father’s job – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the
family).
2- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in the
management of human household resources (human effort – information) based on the
variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of
education – father’s job – mother’s job status – children number – monthly income of the
family).
3- There are statistically significant differences among mothers of an autistic child in
benefitting from family and social support based on the variables of social and financial
level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of education – father’s job – mother’s job
status – children number – monthly income of the family).
4- There is a statistically significant correlation between the management of non-human
household resources (financial income – time), the management of human household
resources (human effort – information) and family and social support on one hand and the
variables of social and financial level (father’s level of education – mother’s level of
education – father’s age – mother’s age – father’s job – mother’s job status – family members
number – monthly income of the family).
5- The presence rate of the factors influencing the management of human household resources
varies.
6- There are statistically significant differences among the study sample prior to the application
of suggested program (management of autistic child mother’s household resources) in favor
of post application.
Methodology of the study:
This study is based on the descriptive analytical approach and experimental approach.
Sample of the study:
First: Limits of study:
A) Human Domain:
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This study was conducted on an intentionally-picked sample from among mothers of
children with autistic disorder; 68 mothers having a child with autistic disorder (the age of
such children ranges from 4 to 11 years).
B) Spatial Domain:
This study was conducted on 10 different institutions caring for children with autistic
disorder inside Cairo governorate - Challenge integrative Medical Clinic (Dr. Doaa Al
Hadary), Egyptian Autistic Society, Brighter Future Friends Society, Kayan Center for
People with Special Needs, Right To Live Society, The Egyptian Society For Developing
Skills Of Children with Special Needs, Happy World School, Arab Egypt Society for
Autistic Children, Bright Hope School and Parents and Sons Society for People with Special
Needs.
C) Time Domain:
The practical side of this study and all of the measures and tools were conducted on the
study sample from 3/1/2013 to 15/5/2013.
Second: Tools of study:
The researcher has prepared the following tools:
1- Mother’s primary data form;
2- Mother’s management of non-human household resources (financial income – time) scale;
3- Mother’s management of human household resources (human effort – information) scale;
4- Benefit from family and social support scale; and
5- Autistic child mother’s household resources management program.
Findings of the study:
First Hypothesis:
There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in the
management of non-human household resources (financial income – time), according to father’s
level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to mother’s
level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to father’s
job variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically
significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in managing the time resource in
favor of the non-working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; according to children number
value, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; and according to monthly income variable,
where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level.
Second Hypothesis:
There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in the
management of human household resources (human effort – information), according to father’s
level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to mother’s
level of education variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to father’s
job variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically
significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in managing the information resource
in favor of the working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; and according to monthly income
variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level.
Third Hypothesis:
There are statistically significant differences among the mothers of an autistic child in
benefitting from family and social support, according to father’s level of education variable,
where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; according to education variable and father’s job
variable, where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level; there were also found statistically
significant differences among mothers regarding mother’s job in benefitting from family and social
support in favor of the non-working mothers at a significance level of 0.01; according to children
number value, where the value (F) was insignificant; and according to monthly income variable,
where the value (F) was significant at 0.01 level.
Fourth Hypothesis:
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- There is a positive correlation between father’s level of education and each of the
management of income and time resource, non-human household resources, human effort,
family and social support, human household resources and household resources in general at
a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between father’s level of
education and information resource management at a significance level of 0.05, where the
higher the father’s level of education, the higher the level of household resources
management.
- There is a positive correlation between mother’s level of education and each of the
management of income resource, non-human household resources, human effort,
information, family and social support, human household resources and household resources
in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a positive correlation between
mother’s level of education and time resource management at a significance level of 0.05.
- There is a positive correlation between father’s age and each of the management of income
and time resource, non-human household resources, information, family and social support,
human household resources and household resources in general at a significance level of
0.01. There is also a positive correlation between father’s age and human effort resource
management at a significance level of 0.05.
- There is a positive correlation between father’s age and each of the management of income
and time resource, non-human household resources, human effort, information, family and
social support, human household resources and household resources in general at a
significance level of 0.01.
- There is a positive correlation between father’s job and each of the management of income
resource, non-human household resources, human effort, information, human household
resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a
positive correlation between father’s job and time and family and social support resource
management at a significance level of 0.05.
- There is no correlation between mother’s job and the axes of household resources
management, represented in financial income, time, human effort, information and family
and social support and the axes of total non-human household resources, human household
resources and household resources in general.
- There is a negative correlation between family members number and each of financial
income, time, non-human household resources, human effort, family and social support and
total axe of household resources management in general at a significance level of 0.01.
There is also a negative correlation between family members number and management of
information resource and human household resources.
- There is a positive correlation between monthly income and each of income, time, nonhuman
household resources, human effort, family and social support, human household
resources and household resources in general at a significance level of 0.01. There is also a
positive correlation between monthly income and information resource management at a
significant level of 0.05.
Fifth Hypothesis:
The presence rate of the factors influencing the management of human household resources
varies. It was found that mother’s level of education was the most influencing factor on the
management of household resources with a percentage of 75.7%, followed by mother’s age with a
percentage of 66.9%, then father’s level of education with a percentage of 61.9% and finally the
monthly income with a percentage of 56.9%.
Sixth Hypothesis:
There are statistically significant differences between the results of program pretest and posttest at a
significance level of 0.01 in favor of the post application. With regard to the effect of suggested
program, it was found to be high, which proves the effectiveness of the designed program in the
management of household resources of an autistic child mother.
Recommendations:
1- The necessity to prepare and design guiding programs for autistic children mothers,
indicating how to manage their household resources through a modern scientific method by
the faculty of Home Economics and home economics departments at the faculties of
Specific Education.
2- Awareness campaigns shall be organized and information programs targeting fathers and
mothers of an autistic child shall be prepared about how to deal with the problems they face
in the course of upbringing the child and managing the household resources.
3- Country shall support the families of autistic children through reducing the costs of
treatment sessions in addition to constructing community center for autistic children
treatment with low prices.
4- Bodies, centers and childhood institutions shall conduct sessions for mothers to teach them
how to deal with an autistic child in addition to scheduling specific courses showing how to
deal with and face life pressures in order to reduce the possibility of being vulnerable to
psychological exhaustion.