الفهرس 
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Abstract
The most widely used hormonal contraceptive is the combination oral contraceptives, combination OCS can be monophasic, with the same dose of estrogen and administered each day, or multiphasic, in which varying doses of steroids are given for 21- day cycle. Typically, they are administered for 21- days beginning on the menstrual period then discontinued for 7-days to allow for withdrawal bleeding at the end of the normal menstrual cycle.
Progesterone – only formulations contain no estrogen they are taken every day without interruption.(Christine, 2004)
Older studies linked OCs use to cause venous thrombosis and embolism, cerebral vascular accidents, and heart attack.
More recent studies have found a much lower risk.
Rereading of the older literature on venous thrombosis revels that absolute risk was strongly determined by other very obvious predisposing causes of thrombosis that are now considered contraindications to OCs use such as previous thrombosis, preexisting vascular disease, coronary artery disease, leukemia, cancer, and serious trauma.
Normally, the coagulation system maintains a dynamic balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant systems in the blood, estrogen affects both systems in a dose–related fashion.
For most women, fibrinolysis (anticoagulation) is increased as much as coagulation, maintaining the dynamic balance at increased levels of production and destruction of fibrinogen. Current low-dose OCs have less measurable effect on the coagulation system, and fibrinolytic factors increase at the same rate as procoagulant factors. The lower estrogen dose (30-35 mg ethinylestradiol) reduces the risk of a thromboembolic event when compared with higher dose (50 mg estrogen) OCs. (James, 2003)
Our study was done on females at child bearing period (100 cases) who were taking contraceptive pills compared to females (100 cases) who were not taking contraceptive pills for the effect of these contraceptive pills on coagulation profile.
The 1st group who were taking OCPs was subdivided into two classes, the 1st class who was taking combined OCPs (51 cases), the 2nd class who was taking progesterone-only pills (49 cases).
These cases came to Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, El-Fayoum University Hospital in the period from June 2010 to May 2011.
Our aim from this study was to determine the effect of contraceptive pills on coagulation profile in females who were taking contraceptive pills for a long period of time.
All cases were evaluated by:
-Full clinical assessment including history and general examination which indicating no history of chronic diseases, blood diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumours, peptic ulcer …..etc.
Also, all cases were free by clinical examination
-Blood specimens were obtained from the cases to be tested for: platelet count, prothrombin time, prothrombin concentration, thrombin time and partial thromboplastin time.
Concerning our results
Comparison between females taking OCPs and those not taking regarding coagulation profile revealing presence of statistically significant difference (P=0.025) between both groups regarding partial Thromboplastin Time which was high in the females not taking OCPs (27.8 sec) than the females taking OCPs (26.9 sec).
However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding platelet count, prothrombin time, prothrombin concentration and thrombin time.
The age of all cases in the study ranged from 17-40 years.
Comparison between females taking combined pills and those taking progesterone only pills revealed the following:
-The mean of age was higher in females using combined pills (29.1 year) than those using progesterone only pills (26 year) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.002).
-The duration of use of combined pills was longer (4.4 year) than those taking progesterone only pills (3.1 year) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.002).
-There is no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding Platelet Count, PT, PC, TT and PTT and all was within normal.
Comparison between females continuously used the pills and those interruptedly used the pills showed that:
-The mean of age was higher in females interruptedly used the pills (30.1 year) than those continuously used the pills (25.2 year) and this was statistically significant (p=0.0001).
-The duration of using the pills was longer in females interruptedly used the pills (5.1 year) than those continuously used the pills (2.5 year) and this was statistically significant (p = 0.0002).
-The Prothrombin Time was higher in the females continuously used the pills (13.1 sec) than those interruptedly used the pills (12.9 sec) and it was statistically significant (p=0.032).
-However, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding Platelet Count, PC, TT, and PTT and all was with normal.