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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, producing hyperglycemia. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes usually have insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency and is often associated with a strong genetic predisposition. The risk of developing this form of diabetes increases with age, obesity and lack of physical activity.
Obesity is a global epidemic health problem. There are numerous causes of obesity including genetic, hormonal, physical activity and socioeconomic factors. Obesity increases the risk of a number of diseases. Thus, prevention of obesity should have the highest priority and should be started early in life.
Resistin is a cysteine-rich, 108 amino acid peptide hormone with a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa. Resistin belongs to a novel class of cysteine-rich secreted proteins termed the resistin like molecules.
Human resistin is present in different tissues in the body like white adipose tissues, white blood cells, placenta, pancreas, synovial fluid and plasma. Resistin increase during periods of hyperglycaemia and by steroid hormones, gonadal hormones, proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., lipopolysaccharide, tumour necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6), and might be increased with increasing age and in female gender. Resistin expression can reduce by insulin, endothelin-1, neurotransmitters and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptorγ.