الفهرس Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 258 |  |  |
| | | from | 258 | | |
Abstract
The Present investigation is concerned with the functional morphology of the lingual apparatus of the common moorhen Gallinula choropus meridionalis of the common through studying of the following points:-
1-General morphology of the tongue
A full description of the morphology of tongue of Gallinula chloropus meridionalis is given, and from the functional point of view, the following parts are described.
1-Free portion of the tongue, which is lanceolat and has dorso-median sulcus and anterior lingual nail.
The latter carried brush-like lingual hairs.
2-The laryngeal area, which is about the length of the free portion of tongue, which in turn is divided into two regions; anterior preglottal region and posterior laryngeal mound.
3- The floor of the mouth including the paralingual area.
2-The lingual epithelium
A full description of the structure of the lingual covering epithelia, which cover the free portion of the tongue, preglottal area and the laryngeal mound, as well as the floor of the mouth was studied from the following points of view:-
1-The structure and thickness of the covering epithelium.
2-The presence and appearance of keratinization.
3-Surface structures.
4-Mucosal-submucosal junction.
3-The skeleton
A-The hyoid skeleton
A full morphological description of the morphology of the skeletal element of the hyoid and both the type and the structure of the joints that connect these skeletal element, as well as the articular ligaments that support these joints were studied and the following resilts were observed:-
1-The paraglossale is an arrow-shaped structure and consists of hyaline cartilage.
2-The Os basihyale is bony and connected with the Os urohyale by cartilaginous connections.
3-The Os urohyale consists of an anterior bony half and a posterior cartilaginous one.