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Abstract
The Gulf of Suez has been and still subjected to severe oil pollution especially due to the massive ship movements in the Suez Canal and the different petroleum activities concentrated in this area. Environmental assessment of petroleum contamination with special emphasis to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons taking place in Temsah Lake, Suez Canal and Suez Gulf to identify the origin and sources of hydrocarbon contaminants as Suez as the levels and sources of PAHs present has been studied. This study is part of a long monitoring programme put by the Egyptian Pendy is a Research Institute.
The first step in assessing the environmental pollution study is to determine the magnitude and the concentration of oil content. For Suez Canal, data obtained show that oil contents are ranging between 33.6 and 65.6 mg/l for water samples and 110.5- 587.5 mg/kg of dry weight for sediment samples. For Temsah Lake, oil contents results ranges between 2.80 and 103.3mg/l for water samples, and 135.73-634.61mg/kg dry weight for sediment samples. Oil content values for the collected fish samples are 138.6, 101.9, 133 and 128.8mg/Kg. Gulf of Suez, oil contents are ranging between 36-230 mg/L for water samples from 160 to 360 mg/kg of dry weight for sediment samples. Generally the oil contents for water, sediment and fish samples are high enough to affect the aquatic life in one way or another. Directly or indirectly the presence of the pollutants in fish tissues may be a risk for their potential bioaccumulation in some tissues of the consumer’s bodies
The second step is to identify the source and type of pollution using gas chromatographic technique. For Suez Canal, water samples are contaminated by mixed petrogenic with biogenic hydrocarbons while it is mainly petrogenic for sediment samples. Based on the concept that each type of hydrocarbon pollutants has its own feature (fingerprint), gas chromatographic fingerprint of the studied samples reveal that the type of contaminations can be attributed to crude oil, lubricating oil and/or mixed crude oil. Regarding the weathering degree, both weathered and severely weathered profiles are present indicating continuous petroleum inputs in the studied area. Different.