الفهرس 
FertilizersOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of the tested fertilizers (Superphosphate & Azote ), herbicides (Igran & Topogard ) and mixture of both on soil fungi. The study also included the effect of these treatments on the severity of chocolate spot disease of broad beans caused by Botryfis fabae as well as growth and yield of the plant . The effect of different treatments on the production of oxidative enzymes in vitro and in vivo was also studied . I - Effect of different concentrations of the tested fertilizers, herbicides and mixture of both one the soil fungi: In the present study , eighty eight species belonging to 34 genera were collected from the different treatments of soil . 1 - Fifty five species belonging to twenty nine genera were collected from the tested soil after and befor treatment by Superphosphate fertilizer at the different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by Superphosphate were : Aspergillus flaws, A. fumigatus , A, niger , A.terreus , Penicillium coryophilurn, Fusarium oxysporunz, Botryotrichum piluliferum, Cephalosporium curtipes, Cladosporium sphaerospennunz , Humicolafuscoatra , Rhizopus nigricans , Verticillium candelabrum and V. terrestre . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the soil treated by double field concentration after 10 days , while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the field concentration at zero time. 2 - Forty six species belonging to nineteen genera were collected from the tested soil before and after treatment by Azote fertilizer at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by Azote were : Aspergillus candidus , A.fEavus, A. fumigatus , A. niger , A. sydowi , A. terreus , A. versicolor , Fcisaricr~n oxysporum , F. solani , Botryotrichum atrogriseum, B. pilulijerum and Trichoderma viride . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the soil treated by field concentration after 10 days , while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration after 20 days . 3 - Forty two species belonging to nineteen genera were collected from the tested soil befor and after the treatment by the mixture of Superphosphate and Azote fertilizers at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of Superphosphat and Azote fertilizers were : Aspergillus fumigatus , A. niger , Penicillium purpurogenum, P.raistrickii, P.terrestre, Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotrichum piluliferum, Cephalosporium curtipes, Cylindrocarpon heteronemum, Rhizopus nigricans , Staclzybotrys atra , Trichoderma viride and Verticillium candelabrum. The maximum fungal count was recorded for the field concentration treated soil after 20 days, while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration after 30 days . 4 - Thirty two species belonging to fifteen genera were collected from the tested soil before and after the treatment by Igran herbicide at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by Igran herbicide were : Aspergillus jiimigatus , A. niger , A. terreus , Penicillium expansum , P. raistrickii , P. terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotrichum piluliferum , Cephalospori~im curtipes , Rhizopus nigricans, Trichodennaviride and Verticillium candelabrum . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the field concentration treated soil at zero days, while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration after 30 days . 5 - Thirty nine species belonging to nineteen genera were collected from the tested soil before and after the treatment by Topogard herbicide at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by Topogard herbicide were : A spergillus fumigatus , A. niger , A. terreus , Penicillium terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum, Bot~yotriclzum atrogriseum , B . piluliferum , Cephalosporium curtipes , Mucor circinelloides, Rhizopus nigricans, Stachybotrys atra, Trichoderma viride and Verticilliurn candelabrum. The maximum fungal count was recorded for the double field concentration treated soil at zero days, the lowest fungal count was also recorded for the same concentration but after 30 days. 6 - Thirty three species belonging to fifteen genera were collected from the tested soil before and after the treatment by the mixture of Igran and Topogard herbicides at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of the two herbicides were : Aspergillus fumigatus , A. niger , A. terreus , Penicillium terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Cephalosporium curtipes , Rhizopus nigricans , Trichoderma viride and Verticillium candelabrum . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the field concentration treated soil at zero days , while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration after 30 days . 7 - Thirty three species belonging to sixteen genera were collected from the tested soil before and after the treatment by the mixture of Superphosphate and Igran at the three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of Superphosphate and Igran were : Aspergillus clavatus , A. ~7avus , A. fumigatus , A. niger , A. versicolor, Penicillium raistrickii , P. terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotrichum atrogriseum , Cephalosporium curtipes and Trichoderma viride . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the field concentration treated soil after 30 days , the lowest fungal count was also recorded for field concentration but after 10 days . 8 - Thirty two species belonging to fifteen genera were isolated from soil after and before the treatments by the mixture of Superphosphate and Topogard at three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of Superphosphate and Topogard were : Aspergillis flavus , A. fumigatus, A. niger. , A. versicolor, Penicillium expansum ;P. terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotriclzrrrn atrogriseum , B. piluliferum , Ceplzalosporium curtipes , Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma. viride and Verticillium. candelabrum. The maximum fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration treated soil after 30 days , while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the double field concentration after 20 days . 9 - Thirty five species belonging to seventeen genera were isolated from soil after and before the treatments by the mixture of Azote and Igran at three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of Azote and Igran were : Aspergillus flavus , A. fumigatus, A. niger , A. versicolor , Penicillium coryophilum, P. terrestre, Fusarium oxysporum, Botryotrichum ntrogriseutn , B. piluliferum and Trichoderma viride . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the half field concentration treated soil after 30 days , while the lowest fungal count was recorded for the field concentration after 10 days. 10 - Thirty two species belonging to thirteen genera were collected from the tested soil after and before treatment by the mixture of Azote and Topogard at three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of Azote and Topogard were : Aspergillus clavatus , A. flavus , A. fumigatus , A. niger , Penicillium terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotrichum piluliferunz , Cephalosporium curtipes , Mucor racenzosus, Rhizopus nigricans and Trichoderma viride . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the field concentration treated soil after 30 days , the lowest fungal count was also recorded for field concentration but after 20 days . 11 - Thirty two species belonging to thirteen genera were collected from the tested soil after and befor treatmerit by the mixture of the two fertilizers and the two herbicides at three different concentrations . The most dominant species isolated from soil treated by the mixture of the two fertilizers and the two herbicides were : Aspergillus clavatus , A. flavus , A. fcimigatus , A. versicolor , Penicillium terrestre , Fusarium oxysporum , Botryotrichum atrogriseum , B. piluliferum , Mucor circinelloides and M. racemosus . The maximum fungal count was recorded for the doubl field concentration treated soil after 30 days , the lowest fungal count was also recorded for the same concentration but after 10 days . I1 - Effect of different concentrations of the tested fertilizers, herbicides and mixture of both on some detected dominant soil fungi : Generally the increase in the growth of each fungal species was directly proportional to the increasing of the concentrations of fertilizers , while the growth of each fungal species was oppositly proportional to increasing of the concentrations of herbicides . However , in case of the mixture of fertilizer and herbicide , the increase in the concentrations increased the fungal growth . 1 - Aspergillus @vus The highest concentration of the mixture of the two tested fertilizers showed the maximum increase in the growth (71.1%) compared to the control , while the high concentration of Igran herbicide recorded the highest inhibition value (18.4%) compared to the control . 2 - Aspergillus fumigatus The highest concentration of the mixture of the two tested fertilizers showed the maximum increase in the growth (97.4 %) compared to the control , while the high concentration of the mixture of the two tested herbicides