الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the inheritance of anther culture response in some wheat cultivars on different media composition. Subsequently, it could be choose the desirable breeding program for improvement the in vitro traits and increase the frequency of dihaploid plants. Four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines were pollinated by two check varieties according to 4 lines x 2 testers fashion in order to produce eight hybrids. The eight hybrids and the two check varieties were used for anther culture purpose. The results showed highly significant differences for all studied in vitro traits referring to the wheat anther culture is determined to a large extent by the genotype of the donor plant. Most of studied entries gave a better response on P2 induction medium, which replaced by 190-2 regeneration medium than on MN6 induction and regeneration media. Among the examined lines, C.B246 appeared to be the best one for responding anthers and regeneration ability. For testers, the variety Gemmieza 7 was better than Sakha 94 for all studied in vitro traits at each medium. The estimation of SCA effects indicated that the combination of C.B246/Gemmieza 7 was the best cross for most of the studied in vitro traits. It could be notice that the best cross for SCA effect resulted from a good x good general combiner. Additive and non-additive (including dominance) genetic variances were positive for all studied in vitro traits, indicating to the contribution of both components in the inheritance of these traits. Additive x media interactions were negative for all studied in vitro traits except for embryoid induction frequency, while the dominance x media interactions were positive for all studied in vitro traits refers to the additive effects are more stable over different media (media composition) than dominance effects for wheat anther culture. Due to the importance of both additive and non-additive gene action in the genetic expression of these traits, the recurrent selection breeding program is consider the proper breeding program for improving the studied in vitro traits.