الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Heart failure is a worldwide problem representing an endpoint for many different heart diseases. Defining the etiology is an important issue to give the proper treatment. And also, gives an idea on the prediction of the prognosis. Prediction of the outcome in patients with heart failure depends on many factors rather than the etiology, these factors classified into clinical factors, laboratory variables, echo variables, and ECG variables. The clinical variables include factors as; NYHA functional class, exercise variables, signs of reduced perfusion, low blood pressure, weight loss, and obesity. Age, gender, hospitalization, seasonal variation, race, and effect of medical therapy are general factors affecting the outcome of heart failure patients. So, the study describes these factors, and their effect on the mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure, taking in account different therapeutic modalities and their effect on survival and improvement of symptomatology.