الفهرس 
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Abstract
The experiments were conducted in the Experimental Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during seasons 2001/2002 and 2002/2003. 1. The endoparasitoid, Encarsia citrina promise to be an effective bio agent against the diaspidid scales, Aspidiotus nerii and Hemiberlesia lataniae. It exhibited high activity and a high synchronization with the host population. 2. In IPM programs both parasitoids E. citrina and Aphytis maculicornis can be use as biological control agents against H. lataniae. By manipulating them in a mass production and releasing at the highest occurrence of the available host throughout the year. 3. San Jose scale, Quadraspiditous perniciosus as newly introduced species to Egypt, no active native parasitoid was recorded on the pest. 4. The ectoparasitoid, A. maculicornis approved to be the key mortality factor of olive scale population. It could be use as a regulator bio factor for Parlatoria oleae population in IPM program. 5. The endoparasitoid, E. citrina and Habrolepis aspidioti exhibited a highly searching characteristics as biocontrol agents against the diaspidid scales. 5.1. E. citrina recorded high searching rate with low mutual interference value and its activity (K value) correlated with the host population density. 5.2. H. aspidioti exhibited a good functional response to the changes of the host density with high killing power (K values). 6. Use of kairomone as olfactory chemical stimuli improve the efficiency (aggregation behavior) of the parasitoids under field conditions.