الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two groups of adult male albino rats were used in this study. Group one was used as a control group consisted of 18 rats. Group two consisted of 90 rats which was divided into six subgroups, fifteen animals each, the rats were injected every week with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg body weight/rat) through the intraperitoneal route. The fifteen animals of each subgroup from group two were sacrificed weekly 24 hours after each injection of cyclophosphamide. The fifteen animals from each subgroup were divided: five of them for histological study, another five for histochemical study and the last five animal’s hearts were used for the electron microscopic study. Three rats were killed from the control group every week and they were divided: the heart of one of the control rats was used for the histological study, another animal heart was used for histochemical study and the last animal heart was used for the electron microscopic study. In the histological study, paraffin sections from the left ventricle of each animal were prepared and stained with: haematoxylin and eosin, phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin, Verhoeff’s stain and periodic acid schiff’s stain. Fresh frozen cryocut sections from the left ventricle of each animal were histochemically studied for acid phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase activities. The transverse diameters of cardiac myocytes and the thickness of the left ventricular wall in the all animals used in the present study were measured and subjected to statistical analysis. For the electron microscopic study, ultrathin sections were obtained from the left ventricle of each animal and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate then examined with the transmission electron microscope. Conclusion: From the present study, we can conclude that, cyclophosphamide is cardiotoxic drug even when given in divided weekly doses. Therefore, it is better to be avoided in patients with history or pre-existing cardiovascular disorders and the potential for cardiotoxicity should be recognized before therapy is initiated. Also, continuous cardiac monitoring, regular electrocardiographic, echo cardiographic studies and measurement of serum electrolytes and cardiac enzymes must be considered in any patient receiving cyclophosphamide treatment. Key Words (not more than ten): Histological, histochemical and electron microscopic study of cardiac muscle - Cardiotoxicity of cyclophosphamide - Cyclophosphamide as a chemotherapeutic agent.