الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Over the last few decades, Egyptian higher education has encountered
several challenges, including increased student numbers, inadequate
necessary resources, high costs, and emergency situations, especially during
national crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to these challenges,
a recent study developed electronic learning modules to teach the
comparative gross anatomy of the lower respiratory organs of native domestic
animals. This model for teaching and learning veterinary anatomy allows
students to learn anytime and anywhere. The study was conducted on the
lower respiratory system of ten donkeys of varying ages (3 to 5 years), as well
as five sets of lungs and tracheas from buffalos, goats, camels, and dogs.
These specimens were subjected to various anatomical techniques. To
incorporate interactive and e-learning concepts, media, electronic tools,
computer programs, and authoring apps were used. The study concluded that
there are many gross anatomical variations of the bronchial tree and lungs
among domestic animals. After studying the e-learning modules, the
evaluation of the survey questions submitted to the students recommended
both e learning, and blended learning.