الفهرس 
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Abstract
The global energy problems have grown significantly during the past few decades. Researchers have invested a lot of effort for getting renewable, clean, and safe energy sources depending on energy from the sun. A promising renewable fuel that is also an eco-friendly energy source is hydrogen. One method for producing hydrogen fuel is through PEC- water splitting, which mainly depends on water, sunlight, plus photoactive medium (semiconductor material). The current thesis discusses the preparation of three photoelectrodes Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS
nano/micro composite, CuO/Cs2SnCl6-KI perovskite, and CuFeO2/CZTS/Cs2SnCl6-KI multilayers for the photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Moreover, the thesis is very interesting for the photodetector applications using two prepared inorganic lead-free optoelectronics (Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS nano/micro composite and CuO/Cs2SnCl6-KI perovskite). The produced photoelectrodes were characterized through using various analysis techniques.
The Chapters of thesis are described as:
1. Chapter 1: Describes the energy problem, the water splitting paths and synthetic methods for thin films production.
2. Chapter 2: Overview of basic background information on solar energy, metal oxide semiconductors, general mechanism of the plasmonic effect, highlights the PEC water splitting reaction, basic parameters used for evaluating electrocatalytic performance, douple halide perovskites, CZTS thin films, photodetector, and H2 generation applications.
3. Chapter 3: Describes the experimental techniques and a variety of characterization methods used in the thesis.
4. Chapter 4: Discuss results and discussion of the thesis.
5. Chapter 5: Includes summary and conclusions of the thesis.