الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The liver serves as a metabolic hub within the human body. Therefore, protecting the liver against
insults has become a primary focus in medical research. Consequently, the hepatoprotective
properties of multiple 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines inspired us to study the influence of four
specially designed and synthesized derivatives on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury
in rats. Wistar albino male rats were divided into groups to investigate both the toxicity profile and
the hepatoprotective potential of 4-phenyltetrahydroquinolines. An in-vivo hepatotoxicity model
was conducted using CCl4 (1 ml/kg) every 72 h for 14 days. The concurrent treatment of rats with
our newly synthesized compounds (each at a dose of 25 mg/kg) every 24 h effectively lowered
transaminases, preserved liver tissue integrity, and mitigated oxidative stress and inflammation.
Moreover, the histopathological examination of liver tissues revealed a significant reduction in
liver fibrosis, which was further supported by the immunohistochemical analysis of α-SMA.
Additionally, the expression of the apoptotic genes BAX and BCL2 was monitored using real-time
PCR, which showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis. Further investigations unveiled the
ability of the compounds to significantly decrease the expression of autophagy-related proteins,
Beclin-1 and LC3B, consequently inhibiting autophagy. Finally, computer-assisted simulation
docking confirmed our obtained experimental activities.