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Abstract Summary Periodontitis is a long-term, multifactorial inflammatory condition that is triggered by bacterial germs and interacts with the host’s immune system. It is characterised by the progressive breakdown of the toothsupporting structures. Periodontal disease severity is influenced by host and environmental risk factors, both changeable and immutable. Around the world, a sizable portion of the population is plagued by periodontal diseases. Periodontal diseases are prevalent in the Arabic Republic of Egypt; gingivitis was the most common kind (39.6%), followed by periodontitis stage I (38%) and stages II (20.4%), stage III (1.6%), and stage IV (1.6%). (0.4 %). Periodontal regeneration necessitates the formation and attachment of collagen fibres to an instrumented root surface. PDL tissue engineering involves difficulties. First, the placement options for commercially available constructs are constrained by the extremely small PDL space, which measures between 150 and 400 micrometres from the alveolar bone to the tooth. The second difficulty lies in specifically attaching a soft tissue between two mineralized surfaces. Creating an environment where functional cells can develop and generate functionally orientated periodontal fibres between newly formed 105 Summary cementum (cementogenesis) and alveolar bone is the aim of periodontal tissue engineering (osteogenesis). The use of growth factors, particularly bone morphogenetic proteins, is one of the most promising methods for periodontal regeneration (BMPs). The transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily of proteins contains a set of structurally related proteins known as BMPs. These proteins have a wide range of roles in both embryonic and adult organisms. Even though BMP is a growth factor, it stands out since it is the only known morphogen capable of converting connective tissue cells into osteoprogenitor cells. Healthy five mongrel dogs aged 18-24 months were used for the study. The animals exhibited intact dentition with a healthy periodontium. Intrasulcular incision and full mucoperiosteal flap were elevated at the second and third premolars bilaterally. Then, a critical class III (Glickman’s classification) furcation defect was created, 2mm wide – 5mm height and 8mm depth using rotating burs, round and fissure using saline as a coolant. The bone defects (ten defects for each group) were assigned to one of the following groups: (group 1) control with the surgical defect only. (group 2) surgical defect implanted with hydrogel only (CS/β-GP). (group 3) surgical defect implanted with CS/BMP-7 (50ng/ml). (group 4) surgical defect implanted with CS/BMP-7 (100ng/ml). After that, the flap is adapted and sutured using resorbable interrupted sutures. The dogs were 106 Summary put to death with a lethal dose of thiopental sodium eight weeks following the procedure. Histomorphometric examination in defects filled with CS/BMP-7 (100 ng/ml), revealed a statistically significant difference in bone, PDL, and cementum regeneration. In the absence of inflammation or hydrogel encapsulation, H&E analysis of defects filled with CS/BMP-7 (100 ng/ml) demonstrated bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament regeneration over the root surface from the notch to the fornix. Periodontal ligament fibres with normal orientation could be seen along the root surface from the notch to the fornix when stained with Masson’s trichrome. According to the study, we can conclude that the ideal effective dose for BMP-7 use in periodontal regeneration is 100 ng/ml, and histological analysis of BMP-7 reveals no indications of ankylosis. |