الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
”Expression of the level of caspase-3 gene in human embryo tissue was a valuable tool for improving the embryo quality for infertility treatment by using real-time PCR technique. Conflicting data exist regarding the role of embryo grade on pre-embryo development and pregnancy outcomes. The present study aimed to discover the effect of apoptotic genes especially CASA3 on embryo grades and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. This study recruited 102 extra-embryo cases and 50 embryos as control, from patients who attended in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics in the period from August 2021 and December 2022 which were subjected to ICSI procedures. They were different in embryo grades which were classified into four grade groups grade A2, grade B, grade C, and grade D. All embryos were subjected to RT-PCR procedures to assess CASA3 as an apoptotic gene marker. This study found a significant direct association between maternal age and maternal BMI, and also, with maternal hormones with maternal age and maternal BMI. In the current study, we analyzed the relation between caspase-3 and patient’s demographic data, and laboratory investigations, found that caspase-3 had a very high significance difference between maternal ages, and body mass index (BMI) for female patients. And for laboratory investigations found that CASA3 had very high significance with female patients’ hormones such as antimüllerian hormone (AMH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and for semen analysis for male patients. In our study, we studied the expression of the caspase-3 gene in all group’s control (grade A1) grade A2, grade B, grade C, and grade D. and made a comparison between groups and found that embryos with grade A and grade B had significantly lower amount of level of caspase-3 when compared with grade C, and grade D. Also, grade C embryos had significantly higher CASA3 when compared with grade A and grade B. Grade D embryos had higher CASA3 compared with the other groups. Importantly, the present study found that at a cut-off of 1.32 % caspase-3 was capable of predicting fragmented embryos ICSI outcomes with a sensitivity and specificity of 97.94% and 76.47% respectively.