الفهرس 
Introduction and basic concepts
Data truncationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Estimating population density is important right now, especially when taking into account the abundance of animals and other creatures in the environment. So, one of the most frequent and pervasive topics in applied ecology is knowing the abundance of a particular wildlife community, which may consist of animals, birds, or plants. This is due to the ongoing danger to the natural resources and food supplies. It is impossible to manage a population e ectively unless knowing, at least approximately, how many individuals exist within it. As a result, re-
searchers rely on various sampling techniques to estimate the abundance of wild populations. The distance sampling approach is the most widely utilised. This method involves two approaches of density estimation: line transect sampling and point transect sampling, both of them estimate animal density or abundance from a sample of distances to detected individuals. These distance data may be grouped or ungrouped, as well as truncated or untruncated.