الفهرس 
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Abstract
Nurses working in intensive care units have been exposed to overworked conditions and high levels of stress and burnout. This subsequently makes jobs more complex. Therefore, it is currently a challenge for any healthcare organization to enhance the functioning of intensive care units and establish a work atmosphere that decreases nurses stress while increasing career motivation, nurses’ wellbeing, and their lifestyles. Additionally, enhance the effectiveness of nurses, their output, care quality, Planning, organization, and management of work and communication. The length of the shift as twelve- hour shift have an impact on all these factors and more as nursing abilities to demonstrate their professionalism. Nursing professionalism has significant impact on patients, members of the profession, organizations, and the profession itself. As, it strengthens patient satisfaction, their safety, quality of care, enhanced performance, dedication, and public trust. Thus, Healthcare organizations, nursing managers, and nurses must consistently strive to maintain the highest efficiency and best image in nursing professionalism. Aim of the study The current study aimed to assess nurses’ perception regarding twelve- hour shifts and professionalism at intensive care units . Research design A descriptive correlational research design was used to conduct this study. Subjects and Method The present study was conducted in all intensive care units at Tanta Main University Hospitals, The Emergency Hospital and Tanta International Educational Hospital. The participants of the study are all intensive care nurses (n= 272) at Tanta Main University Hospitals (n=130), the Emergency Hospital(n=51), and at Tanta International Educational Hospital (n=91) whom worked 12-hour shifts in the previously mentioned setting and available at the time of data collection. To achieve the study’s aim, two tools were used. Tools of data collection To achieve the study’s aim, two tools were used: Tool I: Twelve Hour Shifts Questionnaire. It consisted of two parts, as follows: Part 1 involved demographic data of intensive care nurses which consisted of personal data and characteristics of twelve-hour shifts. Part 2 intensive care nurses’ perception about impact of twelve -hour shifts questionnaire: It consisted of 44 items categorized into seven subscales: delivery of care (7 items), motivation (4 items), fatigue (8 items), nurses’ well-being (5 items), communication (8 items), nurses’ lifestyle and travelling to work (6 items), planning, organization, and management of work (7 items). Tool II: Intensive Care Nurses’ Perception about Professionalism Questionnaire. It consisted of 37 items categorized into six subscales: accountability (7 items), self-improvement (8 items), professional attitude (7 items), advancement of nursing profession (6 items), professional membership (4 items), autonomy (5 items). Tools Ι and II were presented to a jury of five experts to check the content validity and applicability of each tool. Necessary modifications were made. A pilot study was carried out on a sample (10%) of 28 intensive care nurse to test the tools’ clarity and applicability, and they were included in the main study’s sample during the actual collection because no significant modifications occur. Results of the present study revealed that: - More than three quarters (76.8%) of intensive care nurses had less than 30 years and the majority (80.9%) of them were female. Additionally, more than two-thirds (70.2%) of them were married. Approximately half (48.2%) of intensive care nurses had not any children, and more than two-thirds (69.9%) of them were from rural areas. - Slightly more than half (53.3%) of intensive care nurses were had a technical nursing institute, and the most (97.4 %) of them had work experience with twelve - hour scheduling. Moreover, the majority (88.2%) of intensive care nurses selected twelve-hour shift personal choice and more than three-quarter (83.8%) of them were able to change twelve-hour shift in the emergencies. - Overall, more than two-thirds (69.10%) of intensive care nurses had a moderate level of overall perception regarding twelve-hour shift. As well as, quarter (25%) of them had a low level of perception regarding it. - More than half (54%) of intensive care nurses had a high level of overall perception regarding professionalism. Furthermore, less than half (44.5%) of them had a moderate level of perception regarding professionalism. - There was a positive statistically significant correlation was found between intensive care nurses’ overall perception regarding twelve-hour shifts and their overall professionalism (p<0.001). - There was no significant difference between percent scores for intensive care nurses’ perception about impact of twelve-hour shift and their demographic data except hospital name, educational level, shift selection, and possibility of change it during emergency, where p ≤ 0.05. - There was no significant difference between intensive care nurses’ perception about professionalism and their demographic data except possibility of change twelve-hour shifts during emergency, where p ≤ 0.05. Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that, the hospital’s administration establish twenty four-hour childcare centres in workplaces to provide a safe working environment for nurses. Besides, ensure sufficient time/study days for courses and education, by setting aside time in the busy schedules of the nursing staff for official and unofficial training opportunities. Also, Nurse managers should provide nurses with adequate time off, including a twenty-four-hour break before returning to work, and two days for rest and sleep between night and day shift. Added to that, nurses should have counselling and education about home-work balance, stress management, rest, healthy diet, emotional stability, and ergonomics. Because a person’s social and familial ties have a significant impact on their happiness and overall health.