الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: clinically evaluate the microbial count and post-operative pain following root canal preparation using different single file systems. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged from 20 to 40 years indicated for single visit routine root canal treatment of single-rooted tooth with single root canal were selected for this study. Cases were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=10) according to the root canal preparation system, group 1: Hyflex EDM, group 2: XP-endo Shaper, group 3: Primary WaveOne Gold. Microbial samples were taken from root canals for culture before and after instrumentation to detect microbial count. Root canal treatment was carried out in a single visit and the severity of postoperative pain was evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) at 24, 72 hours, and 7 days after treatment. Results: All instrumentation systems weren significantly reduced the intra-canal microbial count after root canal preparation (P <0.001*). Instrumentation with XP-endo Shaper resulted in significantly greater microbial reduction than Hyflex EDM and WaveOne Gold (P<0.001*). The incidence of postoperative pain was higher in XP-endo Shaper group compared with Hyflex EDM and WaveOne Gold groups but without statistical significant differences. In all groups, the incidence of postoperative pain at 24 hours time interval was significantly different than 72 hours. 7 days time intervals and it decreased by time. Incidence of reported postoperative pain decreased in all groups by time. Conclusions: All instrumentation systems were significantly efficient in removal of microbes from the root canal but failed to render them free of microbes. XP-endo Shaper instruments were effective in bacterial reduction when compared to Hyflex/EDM and WaveOne Gold files. However, using of different tested root canal instruments has no significant role on the postoperative pain. Intensity of postoperative pain decreased over time in all groups.