الفهرس 
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Abstract
The extent of scientific exploration of Neem tree
(Azadirachta indica A. Juss) has been so extensive that, it
has gained the distinction of being the most researched tree
in the world. The Neem tree has been known as the wonder
tree for centuries in the Indian subcontinent. It has become
important in the global context today because it offers
answers to the major concerns facing mankind. The history
of the Neem tree is inextricably linked to the history of the
Indian way of life, but the tree was then cultivated as an
exotic species in various countries including Egypt Bailey,
1953 and Engler, 1964).
According to NRC (1992) Neem tree has a reputation
for surviving in harsh, dry, infertile soils and can certainly
survive in a range of soil types, including deep permeable
sandy soils, rocky and very dry sites.
Stoney (1997) reported that Neem is adapted to subarid
and sub-humid areas with tropical and subtropical
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climates at altitudes between sea level and 700 m with
annual temperature ranges between 21-32˚C.
Neem is generally propagated by seeds; however, the
seeds have a short storage life and loose viability rabidly
which is a major problem for tree planting programmes
(Gamene et al., 1994).
According to Lemmens et al., (1995) the natural
habitat of Neem tree is the seasonally dry deciduous mixed
forest, which is associated with Acacia sp. and Dalbergia
sissoo. Similarly, CABI (2000) noted that, in India and
Pakistan, Neem occurs naturally in dry deciduous and thorn
forests.
Karumanchi and Kishore (2001) studied the
relationship between seasonal cambial activity,
development of xylem and phenology in Neem tree
growing in different forests. Their study indicated that the
trees developed different adaptive strategies in response to
the local climatic conditions.
Echereme et al., (2015) carried out an annual cycle
of phenological studies of Neem to record and document
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the phenological activities of the tree. Their annual cycle
observation and documentation of phenological activities in
Neem tree reveals two sub-annual cycles in both vegetative
and reproductive activities, and both take place in the wet
and dry season. They also observed that there is no time