الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Gum Arabic, Khella seeds powder (2.0 and 4%) on body kidney and liver functions and lipid profile against gentamicin injection effect on kidney toxicity in male albino rats.
Kidney disorder was inducing in normal healthy male albino rats by injection with gentamycin (10m/kg of rat’s body weight) and used as a positive control group.
Experimental design:
Fort-eight male albino rats (Spring Dawaly strain) This study weighing (150±10g). Rats were divided randomly into two main groups; the first group was used as a control negative fed on basil diet only (6rats). The second main groups (42) injected intraperitoneal (ip) with gentamycin. On of these groups was fed as control positive group, whereas the other six groups were fed on basil diet previous powders for other 10 days during intraperitoneal (ip) with gentamycin, as follows:
• group (1): Negative control group – normal group (6rats) in this group rats were kept on standard diet and tap water.
• group (2): group injected by gentamycin with a dose of 10 mg per kg of rat’s body weight and used as a positive control group.
• group (3): group infected by kidney failure fed on basal diet and 2.5% grapes seeds as powder of diet.
• group (4): group infected by kidney failure was fed on graps seeds as powder by 5% of the weight of diet.
• group (5): group infected by kidney failure was fed on basal diet and hops leaves by 2.5% of weight of diet.
• group (6): group infected by kidney failure was fed on basal diet and hops leaves by 5% of weight of the diet.
• group (7): group infected by kidney failure was fed on basal diet and plant mixtures by 2.5% of weight of the diet.
• group (8): group infected by kidney failure was fed on basal diet and plant mixtures by 5% of weight of the diet.
The experiment period took 28 days, at the end of the experimental period each rat weight separately then, rats are slaughtered and collect blood samples. Blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for ten minutes to separate blood serum.
The obtained results could be summarized in the following:
The chemical results:
The moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrates, and energy value content of Khella seeds as dry weight was recorded higher values compared with gum Arabic. The average reading was 12.20%, 6.92%, 2.31%, 8.98%, 43.54 & 222.63 kcal/100g, and 11.19%, 2.32%, 0.15%, 2.94%, 0.00% and 10.63 kcal/100g, respectively.
On the other hand, the higher fiber content of gum Arabic as dry weight was recorded higher value compared with Khella seeds. The average reading was 83.40%, and 26.05%, respectively.
The higher total phenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were recorded for gum Arabic compared with Khella seeds recorded the lowest values.
The highest phenolic compounds of gum Arabic are recorded for catechin, epicatechin, and pyrogallol. While the lowest phenolic compounds of gum Arabic were recorded for caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, and P-coumaric acid.
The highest phenolic compounds of Khella seeds were recorded for khellinin, khellol, and kaempferol. While the lowest phenolic compounds of Khella seeds were recorded for coumarin, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid.
The Biological and biochemical results:
Changes of body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of kidney function rats fed diet supplemented with gum Arabic, Khella seeds and their mixtures as powder:
- The body weight gain of positive control recorded the highest value when compared with negative control with significant difference. Meanwhile, Numerically the highest level of (BWG)% was observed for group 8 (4% mixtures) while the lowest level of (BWG)% was observed for group 4 (4% gum Arabic) when compared to control positive group.
- The feed intake of negative control recorded the highest value when compared with positive control with significant difference. All groups raised the FI as compared to the control positive group. The best group was group 8 (4% mixtures).
- Nephrotoxic rats increased the (FER), Numerically the best FER group was group 8 (4.0% mixtures).
- Nephrotoxic rats (control +) raised the (liver, kidney, heart) relative organ weight due to possible inflammation.
- Feeding on 4% mixture powder improved the relative weight of liver and kidney. While feeding on gum Arabic 4.0% improved the relative weight of heart.