الفهرس 
Traumatic brain injuryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background:
Traumatic brain injuries have been widely reported in the last decade. It increases the risk of morbidities and mortalities. It was found to be associated with cerebral edema which compromises the cerebral blood flow to certain regions which in turn affects the human brain functions.
Early monitoring of those patients is crucial and improves the outcomes of those patients. Bedside emergency ultrasound has been widely used as an early noninvasive instrument helps measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) which was highly correlated with accurate diagnosis and prognosis of those patients when compared to the invasive monitoring of the ICP.
Methods:
Patients admitted at the emergency department or the intensive care unit (ICU) department with the diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were included in the study.
Inclusion criteria:
• older than 18 years old with at least one eye and its orbit must have been intact.
Exclusion criteria:
• Patients with suspected rupture globe by clinical examination,
• Patients with body mass index more than 30 kg/m2 as optic nerve sheath diameter changes in obese patients.
•Patients with a past history of glaucoma or cataract or previous ocular surgery.