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المستخلص All over the world, health care organizations strive to provide safe and high quality care, however maintaining an intensive care unit (ICU) and providing intensive care for all patients, that require health care providers to collaborate in order to produce the intended outcome for the patient or service consumer. Interprofessional communication and teamwork collaboration are the key to promote patient safety, effective delivery of care, and improve patient outcomes. Communication and collaboration are an integral part of interprofessional health care teams where communication influences collaboration and effectiveness of interprofessional teams AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to: Examine the relationship between interprofessional communication and health care team collaboration. Research Design: A descriptive, correlational research design was used in this study. Setting: The study was carried out at the two largest intensive care units (ICU) affiliated to Ministry of Health and Population (total bed capacity = 40). The first ICU was located at Damanhour Chest Hospital and the second at Damanhour Fever Hospital. Summary 83 Subjects: Two groups of subjects were included in this study (N=190). 1- All available and assigned staff nurses in the previously selected intensive care units who were available at the time of data collection, with at least one year of experience (N=160). 2- All available resident physicians in the previously selected intensive care units who were available at the time of data collection, with at least one year of experience (N=30). Tools of the study: In order to collect the required data, the following two tools were used: Tool (I): Interprofessional Communication: This tool was divided into two parts Part (1): Demographic characteristics Data Sheet: It was developed by the researcher, and was included questions about: gender, age, educational qualification, working unit, position, years of working experience and unit experience. Part (2): Interprofessional Communication Questionnaire: This scale was developed by Shortell et al., (1991) (8) to measure nurse physician communication. It was composed of 22 items, grouped into four scales, namely: (1) openness (8- item); (2) accuracy (6- item); (3) timeliness (4- item); (4) understanding (4- item). Responses was measured on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from (1) strongly disagrees to (5) strongly agree. Summary 84 Tool (II): Assessment of Interprofessional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS) It was developed by Orchard et al., (2012) (16) to measure the interprofessional collaboration among health care team members. It was consists of 37 items grouped into three subscales as followed: (1) partnership/shared decision making (19-item); (2) cooperation (11-item); and (3coordination (7-item). Responses was measured on 5-point Likert rating scale ranging from (1) ―never‖ to (5) ―always‖. METHODS - II I 6. An official permission was obtained from the Dean of Faculty of Nursing Damanhour University and the administrators of the identified hospitals for data collection after explanation of the study’s purpose. 7. The two tools were translated into Arabic language and were tested for its content validity and translation by five experts from the field of the study; and accordingly no modifications were done. (Appendix VI). 8. Reliability of the two tools was tested statistically using Cronbach‘s Alpha coefficient test, as follows tool I: (α=0.728) and tool II: (α=0.828) indicating adequate and good reliability, respectively. 9. A pilot study was carried out on (10%) of total sample size; nurses (n=16) and physicians (n=3) that were not included in the study sample. The pilot study was done to ascertain the relevance of the tool, to test the wording of the questions, clarity and applicability of the tools; to estimate the average time needed to collect the necessary data and to identify the different obstacles and problems that might be encountered during data collection, so as to make necessary arrangement to deal with them. Based on findings of the pilot study, no modifications were done. 10. Data collection for this study was conducted by the researcher through self-administered questionnaire. It was hand-delivered to the study Summary 85 subjects, after individualized interview with each study subject for about 5 minutes to explain the aim of the study and the needed instructions were given before the distribution of the questionnaire in their settings. The questionnaire was completed by them during their work shifts. It took about 15-30 minutes to fill out the two tools. The data was collected in a period of three months, starting from the first of October 2019 to the end of December 2019. Ethical considerations: 6. The research approval was obtained from the ethical committee at the Faculty of Nursing, Damanhour University prior to the start of the study. 7. An informed written consent was obtained from the study subjects after explanation of the aim of the study. 8. Privacy and right to refuse to participate or withdraw from the study was assured during the study. 9. Confidentiality regarding data collected was maintained. 10. anonymity regarding data collected was maintained. Statistical analysis: Data collected from the studied sample was revised, coded, entered and statistical analysis were fulfilled using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Significance of the results was measured, where highly significant at p-value < 0.01; statistically significant was considered at p-value < 0.05 and non-significant at p-value ≥ 0.0.I Graphical presentation: Graphical presentations were done for data visualization by using Microsoft Excel. Summary 86 The main results of the present study were as follows: The present study implied that there were highly statistically relationships between total interprofessional communication dimensions (openness, accuracy, timeliness and understanding) and total interprofessional collaboration dimensions (partnership/ shared decision making, cooperation and coordination). There was no statistically significant differences were found between staff nurses and resident physicians and total interprofessional communication. There was highly statistically significant differences were found between staff nurses and resident physicians and interprofessional collaboration. There was highly statistically significant differences between staff nurses and resident physicians concerning to openness dimension, however, no statistically significant differences were found between both subjects and the other dimensions. Highly statistically significant differences was found between staff nurses and resident physicians regarding to total collaborations’ dimensions (partnership/shard decision making, cooperation, coordination). There were highly statistically significant relationships between staff nurses’ total interprofessional communication and working unit, gender, educational qualifications and years of nursing experience. There were no statistically significant relationship between physicians’ interprofessional communication and demographic characteristics except years of ICU experience. Summary 87 Highly statistical significant relationships were found between staff nurses’ collaboration and working unit, gender, educational qualification, years of nursing experience and years of ICU experience. There were no statistically significant relationships between physicians collaboration and demographic characteristics except educational qualification and years of ICU experience. Conclusion and recommendations This study concluded that there is highly positive significant relationships was found between physicians and nurses in relation to interprofessional communication and team collaboration. Based on the findings of the present study, it is recommended that: Hospital administrators should: 1. Conduct training programs for physicians and nurses to enhance their communication skills. 2. Implement strategies to enhance involvement of physicians and nurses to educational and experiential programs to improve communication and collaboration. 3. Create a healthy, positive and competitive environment to strengthen their inter-professional communication skills 4. Develop policies and procedures to guideline and enhance teamwork in health care through a closed-loop communication protocol and ensure that information sent was received and interpreted correctly 5. Conduct regular meetings with staff nurses and physicians to promote effective interprofessional communication and collaboration. Summary 88 6. Frequent analysis of nurses and physicians relation regularly to control any factors that could affect negatively on their collaboration Staff nurses should: 1- Foster positive work environment through encouraging team building and team work to improve effective communication and collaboration. 2- Sharing in the development of organizational policies and guidelines on futility and ethical decision making. 3- Improve communication between physicians and nurses in to regularly to control any factors that could affect negatively on their interprofessional collaboration. 4- Express their feelings to their first line nurse managers’ that help to analyze positive and negative expressions that affect their collaboration. 5- Work in group cohesion, is an important way for positive work environment and motivation of nurses. 6- Participate on: problem-solving, critical thinking and situational judgment, as well as sharing information, and try to make good decision. 7- Recognize the opportunities and environmental issues, and best solutions to engage in the strategic plan process through interprofessional communication development. 8- Support and inspire work group cohesion and plan for the coordination through encouraging each other to improve interrelationships that can develop cooperation. Summary 89 Physicians should: 1. Attending regular training programs for development their communication skills. 2. Enhance and develop their styles skills through more training and education about interprofessional relation. 3. Support and encourage, staff nurses to participate in decision making and problem solving. 4. Train and use deferent technique of interprofessional communication to avoid medication error and misunderstanding, to provide patient safety |