الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has been related to many diseases, including COPD and lung cancer, and respiratory ailments are a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Therefore, there is an immediate need for specialised biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of disorders associated with oxidative stress.
COPD is a significant lung illness that is characterized by long-term, poorly reversible airway restriction and chronic respiratory symptoms.
Lung cancer is a highly malignant respiratory tract cancer. As it has been diagnosed very late, the overall survival rate is unsatisfactory.so; there is a critical need to discover novel biomolecules that enable early diagnosis and tailored treatment of lung cancer
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of RNA sequences having a length more than 200 nucleotides but no protein-coding function, are interesting biomarker for cancer. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) lung cancer associated transcript 1, also called smoke and cancer associated lncRNA 1 (SCAL1), has been shown to have an important role in a number of lung diseases. The researchers set out to see whether LUCAT1 might be used as a biomarker for predicting the course of disease and the likelihood of survival in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
In the lungs, with oxidative stress, Nrf2 plays a crucial protective function by activating antioxidant response element-regulated cytoprotective and antioxidant genes. Since, LUCAT1 may play a key role in Nrf2 regulation and the expression of LUCAT1 is transcriptionally controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2).
Our goal was to evaluate LUCAT1 as a biomarker in lung diseases. To achieve this goal, Reverse transcription quantitative PCR was used to analyse LUCAT1 expression in blood samples from 10 healthy controls, 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and 20 patients with lung cancer. Western blotting was also utilised to identify Nrf2 protein. Meanwhile, nitric oxide concentration was evaluated using an ELISA kit.
Compared to the healthy control group, those with COPD or lung cancer showed significantly higher expression of the Lnc-RNA LUCAT1. Furthermore, in both the COPD and lung cancer groups, Nrf2 protein was considerably lower than in the healthy control group. These findings suggest that higher LUCAT1 levels are linked to oxidative stress in individuals with COPD and lung cancer. This is a key factor in the dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway, which is highly regarded as a means of shielding lung epithelial cells from injury. Reduced Nrf2 levels have been linked to increased oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells, which may increase the likelihood of lung cancer.