الفهرس 
NORMAL LANGUAGE AND SPEECH DEVELOPMENTOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Stuttering is typically defined as Involuntary dysfluency in verbal expression. Stuttering usually appears as repeated sounds, syllables, or words, as well as speech blocks or significant pauses between sounds and words.
The prevalence of developmental stuttering (DS) differs by age and the precise definition of stuttering utilised. According to the data, the 8lifetime incidence is closer to 10%, with children bearing most of the load. Up to 90% of children who stutter (CWS) will recover normally during childhood. Adults who did not recover from DS in childhood are reported to have persistent DS, which affects less than 1% of the population. Acquired types of stuttering assumed to be caused by emotional trauma or brain injury are more uncommon
Males are 4 times more likely than females to develop DS, and males are also more likely than girls for the condition to last a lifetime. Other factors that indicate persistence include late age of onset, prolonged stuttering, a family history of persistence, and worse linguistic and nonverbal abilities.
Previous research has consistently shown that seizure is a frequent complication in children with developmental speech disorders, and some physicians promote regular EEG recording. Some studies have also shown that aberrant EEG recordings can be obtained in the absence of clinical seizures.
The objective of this study is to identify EEG patterns in children who stutter.
This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ain Shams University hospitals’ outpatient clinics, comprising a sample of 40 patients who were admitted during the period from 2022 until 2023.
They were 13 females (32.5%) and 27 males (67.5%) with age ranged from 5 – 15 years with mean±SD of 8.25 ± 3.15 years.
• All patients subjected to:
1. Detailed medical history including:
o Age, gender, residency, risk factors.
o Past History with special emphasis to Perinatal history and Developmental history.
o Detailed history of current illness with special emphasis to onset of disease, presenting symptoms, disease progression and response to therapy.
2. General examination
3. Full neurological examination.
4. Long-term EEG (1 hour at least).
Usually, the child has to sleep during the test, facilitating sleep is done by Sleep deprivation, by keeping the child up two hours after their bedtime the night before the exam and waking them up two hours earlier on the test day. It’s crucial to keep the child awake on the drive to the hospital or care facility.
5. Stuttering Severity Index (SSI) standardised Arabic form (Rifaie, 1999).
In conclusion, our study found that only 37.5% of cases had an abnormal EEG, all of whom were reported as right-handed. Varying EEG abnormalities were found, including focal epileptiform discharges were in (73.3%) of abnormal cases and multifocal epileptiform discharges were in the rest (26.7%). Abnormal backgrounds were in (46.7%) of abnormal cases in the form of low α and β power, either existing alone or in conjunction with other irregularities.