الفهرس 
Journey with PCM from its Birth till its TreatmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 156 |  |  |
| | | from | 156 | | |
Abstract
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM) is one of the plasma cell neoplasms. It causes significant worldwide morbidity and mortality and remains an incurable disease despite the great advances in its treatment, so risk stratification of patients is very important to choose a tailored treatment for each patient.
Plasma cell myeloma is characterized by marvellous genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that play a role both in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Some of these abnormalities had been incorporated into the international staging system (ISS) for stratification.
Gain and amplification of the long arm of chromosome one (1q+) and its regions, especially 1q21, had attracted more interest in PCM and were found to have a poor prognosis in many studies.
One of the genes located on 1q21 is FAM72, which has 4 paralogues in humans (A to D) and was associated with proliferation and poor prognosis in many cancers such as lymphoma, cancer prostate, lung adenocarcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
In this study, we aimed at assessing FAM72D gene expression in PCM and correlating its expression level with the clinical data and laboratory markers used in the diagnosis and prognosis of myeloma.
The study was carried out on 60 PCM patients who were divided into 30 newly diagnosed or relapsed patients and 30 remitted patients. Twenty healthy age and sex matched subjects with no history of any tumors were involved as a control group to get a relative quantification of FAM72D. The study lasted from January 2021 till December 2021. Reverse transcriptase real time PCR on bone marrow samples for detection of FAM72D was done for all participating individuals.
Our results showed that FAM72D expression was significantly higher in PCM patients than in the control group. Also, FAM72D expression levels were significantly higher in the newly diagnosed or relapsed patients than in the remitted patients, suggesting its stimulating effect on plasma cells.
A significant correlation was found between FAM72D and bone marrow plasma cell count, hemoglobin level, and the presence of monoclonal band. Moreover, FAM72D expression was strongly correlated to the prognostic markers that are associated with greater tumor burden such as low serum albumin and high β2 microglobulin.
Patients were divided into a high FAM72D expression group (≥1) and a low FAM72D expression group (<1) according to the fold change result (fold change= 2-(∆∆CT)). High expression level of FAM72D was seen in 46.7% of the patients. A significant statistical difference was found between patients with a high FAM72D expression level and those with a low FAM72D expression level as regards bony aches, anemic symptoms, hemoglobin level, serum albumin, and bone marrow plasma cell count. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between the two groups as regards renal impairment and the level of β2 microglobulin.
A cut-off value was established according to the ROC curve to determine the performance of FAM72D in predicting relapse. A value of >1.547 was found to have a sensitivity of 56.67% and a specificity of 93.33%.