الفهرس 
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Abstract
• The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between miR-181a and diabetic nephropathy in diabetic patients.
• The study was conducted on 120 human patients in Beni-Suef University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Beni-Suef University.
• The patients were divided into 3 groups, each with 40 patients.
• group 1: 40 diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy.
• group 2: 40 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathyfurther subdivided into 2 groups: microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups each containing 20 patients.
• group 3: 40 control patients.
• Blood samples were collected from all patients.
• Laboratory work was conducted on the samples.
• miR-181a levels were assessed using RT PCR.
• Serum miR-181a was significantly elevated in diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy compared to control patients.
• Serum miR-181a was significantly elevated in diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy than diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy.
• Serum miR-181a was also significantly elevated in macroalbuminuria patients than in microalbuminuria patients.
• Serum miR-181a’s elevation was also associated with significant increase in BMI, duration of DM, ACR, Creatinine, TGs, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR results.
• Serum miR-181a’s elevation was also associated with a significant decrease in GFR.
In conclusion, there is a significant relation between serum miR-181a levels and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.