الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder, especially among women, it ranks among the top ten causes of disability worldwide. OA is a degenerative joint condition brought on by changes in the subchondral bone, inflammation of the synovial membrane, and loss of articular cartilage integrity. There is no medication that can completely cure knee OA even joint arthroplasties have shown to have a short lifespan. The two types of knew OA are idiopathic and secondary. The most prevalent type of arthritis is idiopathic OA, which develops slowly with age and without any evident risk factors. The predisposing factor in secondary OA can be overload generating repetitive excessive wear (marked obesity, employment, sports), joint infections, or instability of the joints (such as meniscal injury).
The purpose of the current work was to shed light on the possible effects following intra-articular injection of BM-MSCs and EVs for treatment of knee osteoarthritis in a rat model of osteoarthritis.
The study included the forty-five rats which were randomly divided into three groups as follows:
- group I: (control group) 10 rats serving as a control group were further subdivided into two equal subgroups 5 animals each:
• Subgroup Ia: (control group) five rats received standard diet and free access to water.
• Subgroup Ib: (negative control group) five rats received knee intra-articular injection of 25 μl of saline.
- group II: (OA induced untreated group) five rats received knee intra-articular injection of 1 mg of MIA dissolved in 25 μl of saline.
- group III: (treated group) 30 rats with MIA OA induction were then randomly divided into three subgroups
• Subgroup IIIa: (treated group) 10 rats received Intra-articular injection of 1 × 106 BM-MSCs per joint for three weeks after the MIA OA induction.
• Subgroup IIIb: (treated group) 10 rats received Intra-articular injection of BM-MSCs’ EVs 500,000/50 μl three weeks after MIA OA induction.
• Subgroup IIIc: (treated group) 10 rats received Intra-articular injection of cell free media three weeks after MIA OA induction