الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the world’s oldest fruit trees. The entire date palm tree is used to produce food, shelter, fibre, clothes, and a variety of other things. One of the most important commercial crops in the Arab world is the date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Date palm plants play a significant role in desert and dry farming systems. Egyptians use date palm byproducts daily, in addition to the fruit’s nutritional worth and health advantages. The tissue culture method of date palm multiplication is especially beneficial for the replication of high-demand elite and uncommon cultivars, disease-resistant cultivars such as Beyond, and new cultivars adapted to ecological and socioeconomic situations. Plant transformation methods have enabled researchers to study plant gene function and enhance cultivars. This achievement is the culmination of years of effort to improve tissue culture using genetic engineering and transformation procedures. The next step is to create technology that enables regulated transgenic expression while minimising or eliminating the need for tissue culture. Plants that have been genetically engineered may be resistant to disease and pests. Genetic engineering will only help minimise the time it takes to develop new cultivars if a single gene for a specific characteristic is precisely expressed without affecting the genetic makeup of the remaining individuals. Genetic transformation represents an intriguing new option for enhancing traditional crop development strategies. These strategies, when combined, should speed the development of novel plant kinds. The current study included five different commercial cultivars (Barhy, Sakkoti, Shamia, Gondila, and Medjool). For this is only for 3 cultivars (Barhy, Sakkoti, Shamia), the optimum in vitro culture medium was ¾ MS media supplemented with 1 mg/l IBA and 0.25 g/l activated charcoal. For Gondila and Medjool IBA is 1.5 mg/l and AC 0.5 g/l. To make date palm plants resistant to fungal infestation, the AT1G12660 ”Thio-60” gene was introduced. Chitosan nanoparticles were used to achieve genetic transformation, and the gene was introduced into five date cultivars (Barhy, Sakkoti, Shamia, Gondila, and Medjool). Only the four cultivars were tested for genetic alteration using conventional PCR. The fungal infection with Fusarium oxysporum was used to determine the resistance of the transgenic cultivar lines after confirming that the thionin gene was transmitted into four of the five studied cultivars. Date crop transgenic lines revealed increased resistance and a decrease in the fraction of inhibition caused by fungal infection.