الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
As an aggressive malignancy, liver cancer is the fifth leading cause of death from cancer globally(Miller KD, Jemal A et al 2019) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer, has a poor prognosis, especially when diagnosed at the advanced stages(Tella SH, Mahipal Aet al 2019).
It is often clinically silent and has poor prognosis short survival and high recurrence rates after treatment.
Annexin A2 (also called p36, annexin II, ANXA2, calpactin I, lipocortin II, chromobindin VIII, or placental anticoagulant protein IV), a 36 kDa protein(Hajjar KA et al 1999 )is located on chromosome 15q22.2 (Huebner Ket al 1988).
ANXA2 is expressed in some tumor cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and mononuclear cells. ANXA2 contains three distinct functional regions: the N-terminal region, the C-terminal region, and the core region.
Increased expression of ANXA2 is frequently observed in a broad spectrum of cancer cells. Overall, ANXA2 is overexpressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)( Spijkers-Hagelstein JA,2013), APL [Menell JS, Cesarman GM,1999], breast cancer [Sharma MR, Koltowski L,2006 ], colorectal carcinoma (CRC) (Emoto K, Yamada Y,2001), gastric cancer (Emoto K, Sawada H,2001), glioma (Roseman BJ, Bollen A,1994), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Mohammad HS, Kurokohchi K,2008), lung cancer (Sharma MR, Rothman V,2006, Jia JW, Li KL,2013 , Wang CY, Chen CL,2016 ), multiple myeloma (MM)( Bao H, Jiang M,2009), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Rodrigo JP, Lequerica-Fernández P,2011), and pancreatic cancer (Esposito I, Penzel R,2006, Vishwanatha JK, Chiang Y,1993). The expression of ANXA2 in relative tissue or cell lines will be discussed below. The up regulation of ANXA2 in cancer may have several clinical applications, including as a diagnostic marker for early detection, a predictive factor for prognosis, or a marker for drug resistance.
The aim of this study is assessment of Annexin A2 as a marker for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in compensated and decompensated hepatitis c virus treated patients.
This cross-sectional observational study recruited with HCV treated patients without HCC , either compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis and HCV Patients with HCC, either compensated and decompensated liver cirrhosis.
Blood samples from 40 HCC patients were collected at the time of HCC diagnosis and prior to therapy, and isolated plasma samples were stored at − 80 °C until measurements of ANXA2 were conducted and Blood samples from 40 patients with CHC but without HCC were obtained during the same time period as the blood samples from HCC patients. Promising diagnostic marker for HCC, and its combination with AFP markedly increases the diagnostic power.
from the results of the present study we found that: annexin A2 is a promising diagnostic marker for HCC, and its combination with AFP markedly increases the diagnostic power. Its serum level can serve as a useful non-invasive tumor marker for detection of HCC.