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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a non-autoimmune, metabolic disease in which the body fails to produce enough insulin, characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes and it is the leading cause of acquired blindness in diabetic population. The aim of the present work is to study the histopathological changes in the pancreas and retina of the diabetic rats and to study the possible protective role of selenium on these organs. Sixty male albino rats were divided into 5 groups (12 rats each): group I (Normal control), group II (Sham control, group III (STZ - induced diabetic group), group IV (Curative- diabetic receiving selenium concomitantly), group V (Prophylactic- diabetic receiving selenium 2 weeks before STZ injection). Each of the previous groups was subdivided into two subgroups; group a (sacrificed after 2 weeks) and group b (sacrificed after 8 weeks). It was found that diabetes caused marked degenerative changes of the pancreatic islets which progressively increased with the disease with subsequent development of DR with early nuclear loss and late vascular changes, which moderately improved with the concomitant administration of selenium (curative group), and markedly improved when selenium was given before induction of diabetes (prophylactic group) with subsequent delay of onset of DR.