الفهرس 
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Abstract
The normal growth and development of the fetus depend on the amniotic fluid. Its cushion effect protects the fetus from harm. Additionally, it aids in embryonic lung maturation and serves as a barrier against infection. The gestational age affects it. The overabundance of amniotic fluid in comparison to the gestational age is known as polyhydramnios. It could lead to poor mother and fetal outcomes.
The deepest vertical pool (DP) of equal to or more than 8 cm, the amniotic fluid index (AFI) of equal to or greater than 20 cm, or the AFI above the 95th percentile for gestational age are all considered to be signs of polyhydramnios. There are three categories of polyhydramnios: mild (amniotic fluid index 20–30 cm or SDP 8–11 cm), moderate (AFI 30-35 cm or SDP 11–15 cm), and severe (AFI >35 cm or SDP > 15 cm).
The reported prevalence of polyhdraminos ranges from 0.2% to 3.9%. The likelihood of finding polyhydramnios is influenced by the diagnostic standards, the mix of high- and low-risk patients, and the regularity of ultrasound exams in each given hospital.
Despite thorough prenatal testing, polyhydramnios is still undiagnosed in 50–60% of pregnancies. A practicing obstetrician finds it challenging to treat and advise such clients due to the paucity of high-quality data and a two- to five-fold rise in perinatal death.
This study’s primary goal was to identify the causes of polyhydramnios in the Minia Governorate using the methods at hand. At Minia University’s Obstetrics & Gynecology department, this prospective research will be carried out. In order to identify the etiological factors of polyhydramnios in Minia Governorate and which type is common in our country, a group of pregnant women, regardless of gestational age, with amniotic fluid index greater than 20 will be included in the study. Tools available include ultrasonography, 4D ultrasonography, and routine laboratory tests.
The main results of the study revealed that:
In our investigation, a total sample of 100 polyhydramnios-pregnant women was used. 27.7 5.3 years old was the average age. 38% of the population was between 20 and 24 years old. Among the participants, there were 86 percent multipara and 60 percent multigravida. 38 percent of our subjects had previously had an abortion, whereas 48 percent had previously had a caesarian section.
Systolic blood pressure averaged 115.8 6.9. Diastolic blood pressure averaged 67.4 6.3. The average pulse was 85.1 4.3. The temperature was 37.5 0.2 on average. The participants’ mean BMI was 24.5 2.1.
The participants’ mean RBS was 89.6 12.1. The subjects’ mean HbA1C was 4.9 0.5. 10% of the women had gestational diabetes, 12% had preeclampsia, 6% were Rh negative, and 3% had TORCH infection.
The participants’ mean AFI was 30.3 6.1. There were 36% with severe polyhydramnios, 28% with moderate polyhydramnios, and 46% with mild polyhydramnios. Amniotic fluid that was turbid was present in 14% of the subjects.
There were 58 percent cephalic, 32 percent breech, and 10 percent different presentations in terms of fetal presentation. Intrauterine growth retardation affected 10% of the population. It was 30.6 weeks gestational age on average. There were congenital abnormalities in 8% of the population. The average weight assessed by the US was 3560 270 grams.
In order to underline our findings, we advise future research using bigger patient populations and longer follow-up intervals.