الفهرس 
A Pharmacognostical Study of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Family Verbenaceae Cultivated in Egypt
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Abstract
Family Verbenaceae, generally known as verbena or vervain, is a family of
tropical and subtropical flowering plants with uncommon temperate species.
The family reportedly contains approximately 41 genera and 950 species of
trees, lianas, shrubs and herbs. Gmelina arborea Roxb leaves and other parts
of plants were collected of El- Orman garden in Giza-Egypt, to carry out
phytochemical investigation of leaves, flowers, fruits barks and seeds.
Fresh samples and dried powder of the leaves and flowers were studied by
morphology, microscopy, macroscopy and DNA fingerprinting to aid their
authentication and identification in any future study. Preliminary
phytochemical screening showed promising results with leaves, flowers, fruits,
barks and seeds. The HPLC analysis of the total ethanolic extract of five
extracts showed that leaves of Gmelina arborea Roxb were most abundant in
phenolic and flavonoids content among five organs of the plant and
chemometric study was done to display the similarity between the five organs
of the plant. LC-MS/MS of the five total ethanolic extracts led to identification
of 27compounds.
As results leaves of Gmelina arborea Roxb were considered the most active
and subjected to further phytochemical investigation.
This included investigation of lipoid content using GC-MS, LC-MS/MS of
leaves extract and volatiles of different organs (fruits and flowers) which
showed that ethyl acetate was the most active fraction thus, isolation and
identification of compounds were done on ethyl acetate fractions which lead
to isolation of luteolin and Rutin and identification of luteolin hexoside.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and antiAlzheimer’s activities were done on the five organs of plants to evaluate the
most active organ in treating these diseases.
This is the first report of Gmelina arborea Roxb as Anti-alzheimer’s agent and
the first comparative study for all organs of Gmelina arborea Roxb.
Comparative In-vitro evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles of total ethanolic
extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb leaves in different biological assays was also
performed.
Results revealed that the zinc oxide nanoparticles of leaves were more effective
as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s than ethanolic leaves
extracts.