الفهرس 
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Abstract
Abstract
Enteric and tissue protozoa play a significant role as a cause of economic losses in camels. They have clinical and subclinical forms; more researches are needed to describe the true situation in both forms and its role in the epidemiology of camel for them. This study was carried out on 303 dromedary camels for parasitological, molecular, phylogenic identification and serological analysis of some protozoa affecting camels during the period from December 2020 to November 2021. Out of 121 fecal samples, (69/121, 57.02%) were parasitologically and molecularly positive for some enteric protozoa. The prevalence of B. coli, Eimeria spp., Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were (48/121, 39.67%), (19/121, 15.70%), (8/121, 6.61%) and (7/121, 5.79%), respectively. The highest prevalence of enteric protozoal infection was non significantly found in Maryout station, winter, she-camels, grazing and camels without veterinary care in percentage of (30/61, 49.18%), (13/18, 72.22%), (48/80, 60%), (28/41, 68.29%) and (39/60, 65%), respectively, while significantly (p < 0.03) and (p < 0.05) high prevalence was found in age more than one year until five years and diseased camels in percentage of (26/37, 70.27%) and (36/49, 73.47%), respectively. Sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis for identified protozoa are recorded in gene bank with accession number ON331945 Balantiodes coli EN, ON351680 G. intestinalis EA and ON 35167 C. parvum EM for B. coli, G. intestinalis B and C. parvum, respectively revealed that the enteric protozoa from camels had high genetic similarities with strains detected from other animals and humans in Egypt and different parts of the world. Out of 182 serum samples, N. caninum, T. gondii and mixed infection were founded in the percentages of (29/182, 15.93%), (106/182, 58.24%) and (17/182, 9.34%) respectively with total seroprevalence rate (118/182, 64.84%). This study found that camels are a possible source of infection for the studied protozoa, some of which are significant for public health.
Keywords: Enteric protozoa, Tissue protozoa, PCR, Phylogenetic analysis, serology, dromedary camels