الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) is a native antelope in Egypt. There is little available research data about the normal hematology, serum biochemical constituents, physical characters, and biochemical constituents of the rumen fluid. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the hematological, serum biochemical, and rumen fluid constituents in apparently healthy Aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) under effect of seasons, sex, and age, to be used as guideline for assessing the state of health and early diagnosis of diseased cases for the adjustment of treatment and preventive protocols.
This study was conducted on 140 clinically healthy Aoudad in Giza Zoo. According to seasons, 35 in each season, and they were classified into winter (December to February), spring (March to May), summer (June to August), and autumn (September to November). According to sex, they were divided into 60 females, 45 males and 35 males in rutting season (September to November).
Regarding to hematological analysis, the results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in winter. Males in the rutting season showed significantly (P<0.05) higher levels of erythrocytes than non-rutting males and females. The influence of age was clear in erythrocyte count, which increased significantly (P<0.05) in young Aoudads.
Regarding to serum biochemical constituents, some statistically significant differences were observed between different seasons regarding to total proteins, enzymes, and minerals.
Regarding to rumen fluid analysis, seasonal variation was evident in rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration which increased significantly (P≤0.05) in Autumn and volatile fatty acids showed significant (P≤0.05) decrease in the summer. Males showed significant increase (P≤0.05) in inorganic phosphorus concentration, while males in rut showed significant elevation (P≤0.05) in ammonia nitrogen concentration. Magnesium concentration was significantly higher in young Aoudads.
It was concluded that seasons had significant effect on the hematological, serum biochemical, and rumen fluid constituents of Aoudad, while sex and age had minimal effect.